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important question motion

  • 1 important-question motion

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > important-question motion

  • 2 important-question motion

    • предложение, требующее уточнения, является ли тот или иной вопрос важным

    Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > important-question motion

  • 3 important question motion

    предложение о рассмотрении того или иного вопроса в качестве важного; предложение, требующее уточнения, является ли тот или иной вопрос важным

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > important question motion

  • 4 motion

    - important-question motion пропозиція розглянути те чи інше питання в якості важливого; пропозиція, що потребує уточнень стосовно того, чи є те чи інше питання важливим
    - irregular motion пропозиція, внесена не за правилами процедури
    - no-confidence motion несекретна/ неконфіденційна пропозиція
    - motion for priority пропозиція про надання першочерговості; пропозиція про зміну порядку розгляду
    - to bring forward a motion внести пропозицію
    - to declare a motion irreceivable оголосити, що пропозиція не може бути прийнятою
    - to declare a motion receivable оголосити, що пропозиція може бути прийнятою
    - to defeat a motion відхилити/ провалити пропозицію
    - to pass a motion on the nod прийняти рішення/ резолюцію без голосування
    - to propose a motion внести пропозицію
    - to put forward a motion внести пропозицію
    - to reject a motion відхилити/ провалити пропозицію
    - to table a motion
    b) амер. відкласти пропозицію, не вказуючи терміну
    - to withdraw a motion зняти пропозицію
    - on the motion of the parties за заявою сторін
    - the motion is adopted/ carried by 12 votes to 9 with 2 abstentions пропозиція прийнята 12 голосами проти 9 з 2, що утримались
    - the motion is rejected/ lost пропозиція відхиляється

    English-Ukrainian diplomatic dictionary > motion

  • 5 motion

    1. n
    предложение (на собрании)
    2. v

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > motion

  • 6 предложение о рассмотрении того или иного вопроса в качестве важного

    Diplomatic term: important-question motion

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > предложение о рассмотрении того или иного вопроса в качестве важного

  • 7 предложение, требующее уточнения, является ли тот или иной вопрос важным

    Diplomatic term: important-question motion

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > предложение, требующее уточнения, является ли тот или иной вопрос важным

  • 8 cosa

    f.
    1 thing (objeto, idea).
    tengo que decirte una cosa I've got something to tell you
    ¿quieres alguna cosa? is there anything you want?
    cualquier cosa anything
    no es gran cosa it's not important, it's no big deal
    poca cosa nothing much
    Una cosa propia de una joven, A girlish kind of thing
    2 funny remark (ocurrencia).
    ¡qué cosas tienes! you do say some funny things!
    son cosas de mamá that's just the way Mum is, that's just one of Mum's little idiosyncrasies
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: coser.
    * * *
    1 (gen) thing
    ■ coge tus cosas take your things, take your stuff
    ■ ¿alguna cosa más? anything else?
    2 (asunto) matter, business
    3 (nada) nothing, not anything
    1 familiar (manías) hang-ups
    \
    así están las cosas that's the way things are, that's how things stand
    como cosa tuya as if it were your idea
    como están las cosas as things stand
    como si tal cosa just like that
    cosa de about
    cosa nunca vista something surprising
    cosas de la vida that's life
    decir cuatro cosas to tell a few home truths
    es cosa de... (tiempo) it's time to... 2 (cuestión) it's a matter of...
    lo que son las cosas much to my surprise
    no sea cosa que... in case...
    no ser gran cosa not to be important
    no valer gran cosa not to be worth much
    ser cosa hecha familiar to be no sooner said than done
    ser poquita cosa familiar not to be much, not to amount too much
    cosas de negocios business matters
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) thing, object, stuff
    2) matter, affair
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=objeto) thing

    ¿qué es esa cosa redonda? — what's that round thing?

    no es otra cosa que una bolsa de plástico — it's nothing more than a plastic bag, it's just a plastic bag

    - es cosa fina
    2) [uso indefinido]

    ¿alguna cosa más? — anything else?

    • o cosa así, 20 kilos o cosa así — 20 kilos or thereabouts

    • cualquier cosa — anything

    • gran cosa, el coche no vale gran cosa — the car isn't worth much

    como futbolista no es gran cosa — he's not a great footballer, he's not much of a footballer

    • poca cosa, lo qué recibieron a cambio fue poca cosa — they didn't get much in return, they got very little in return

    jugamos a las cartas, leemos y poca cosa más — we play cards, read and do little else o and that's about it

    • una cosa — something

    ¿me puedes decir una cosa? — can you tell me something?

    una cosa, se me olvidaba preguntarte por el precio — by the way, I forgot to ask you about the price

    en general está muy bien, solo una cosa... — on the whole, it's very good, there's just one thing...

    3) (=asunto)

    ¿has visto cosa igual? — did you ever see the like?

    ¡qué cosa más extraña! — how strange!

    esa es cosa vieja — so what's new?, that's ancient history

    ¡vaya una cosa! — well!, there's a thing!

    • la cosa es que... — the thing is (that)...

    la cosa está en considerar el problema desde otro ángulo — the thing to do o the trick is to consider the problem from another angle

    • no es cosa de broma o risa — it's no laughing matter

    • no sea cosa que — in case

    trae el paraguas, no sea cosa que llueva — bring your umbrella in case it rains

    • otra cosa, no se hablaba de otra cosa — people talked about nothing else

    ¿hay otra cosa que pueda hacer? — is there anything else I can do?

    eso es otra cosa — that's another matter o thing (entirely)

    otra cosa es que la ley imponga 40 horas semanales para todos — it's another matter entirely for the law to oblige everyone to work 40 hours a week

    otra cosa sería si... — it would be quite another matter if...

    • cosa rara, y, cosa rara, nadie lo vio — and, oddly o funnily enough, nobody saw it

    como quien no quiere la cosa —

    como si tal cosa —

    le dije que había sido seleccionado para el trabajo y se quedó como si tal cosa — I told him he had got the job and he barely reacted

    4) (=nada)

    jamás he visto cosa semejante — I've never seen anything like it, I've never seen the like of it

    ¡no hay tal cosa! — nothing of the sort!

    5) pl cosas
    a) (=acciones, asuntos)

    ¡son cosas de Juan! — that's Juan all over!, that's just like Juan!

    ¡cosas de niños! — boys will be boys!

    ¡qué cosas dices! — you do say some silly things!

    ¡tienes unas cosas! — the things you say!

    • meterse en cosas de otros — to stick one's nose in other people's business

    b)

    • las cosas — (=situación) things

    así las cosas, se marchó de la reunión — at this point, she left the meeting

    ¡lo que son las cosas! — just imagine!, fancy that!

    6)

    • cosa de — [indicando tiempo] about

    7) ** [droga] hash *
    8) LAm [como conj]

    • cosa que, camina lento, cosa que no te canses — walk slowly so (that) you don't get tired

    no le digas nada, cosa que no se ofenda — don't say anything to him, that way he won't get offended, don't say anything to him in case he gets offended

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( objeto) thing

    ¿alguna otra cosa? or ¿alguna cosa más? — anything else?

    b) (acto, acción) thing

    no puedo hacer otra cosa — there's nothing else I can do o it's the only thing I can do

    entre una(s) cosa(s) y otra(s)... — what with one thing and another...

    c) ( al hablar)

    qué cosas dices! — really, what a thing to say!

    dime una cosa... — tell me something...

    oye, una cosa... — ( por cierto) by the way...

    d) (detalle, punto)
    e) (asunto, tema) thing

    si por cualquier cosa no puedes venir, avísame — if you can't come for any reason, let me know

    esto no es cosa de broma/risa — this is no joke/no laughing matter

    la cosa es que... — the thing is that...

    2) cosas femenino plural ( pertenencias) things (pl)
    3) (situación, suceso)

    la cosa se pone negra/fea — things are starting to get unpleasant

    ¿cómo te van las cosas? — how are things?

    ¿cómo está la cosa? — ( cómo está la situación) how are things?; ( cómo estás) (Ven) how are you doing?

    lo que son las cosas! — well, well! o fancy that! (colloq)

    en mi vida he visto/oído cosa igual — I've never seen/heard anything like it

    cosa rara en él, se equivocó — he made a mistake, which is unusual for him

    esto es cosa de magia or de brujería — this is witchcraft!

    una cosa es ser bueno y otra ser el mejor — being good is one thing, but being the best is quite another

    4)
    a) (fam) ( ocurrencia)

    tienes cada cosa! — the things you come up (AmE) o (BrE) out with!

    no te preocupes, eso es cosa mía — don't worry, I'll handle it

    6) ( en locs)

    cosa de — (AmS fam) so as to

    cosa que — (AmS fam) so that

    no sea or no vaya a ser cosa que: llévate el paraguas, no sea cosa que llueva take your umbrella just in case; átalo, no sea cosa que se escape tie it up so that it doesn't get away; o cosa así or so; cada cosa a su tiempo one thing at a time; como quien no quiere la cosa casually; como si tal cosa: no puedes irte como si tal cosa you can't go just like that o as if nothing had happened; le dije que era peligroso y siguió como si tal cosa I told him it was dangerous but he just carried on o he carried on regardless; cosa de... (fam): es cosa de unos minutos it'll (only) take a couple of minutes; es cosa de intentarlo you just have to give it a go; está a cosa de dos kilómetros it's about two kilometers; darle cosa a alguien (fam): me da cosa comer caracoles/ver sangre eating snails/the sight of blood makes me feel funny; me da cosa pedirle tanto dinero I feel awkward asking him for so much money; decirle a alguien un par de or cuatro cosas (fam) to tell somebody a thing or two; no ser gran cosa (fam) to be nothing special (colloq); poca cosa: es muy poca cosa ( en apariencia) he's not much to look at; ( en personalidad) he's not up to much (colloq); queda algo pero poca cosa there's some left but not much; un trabajo así es muy poca cosa para ella a job like that isn't good enough for her; poner las cosas en su lugar or sitio to put o set the record straight; ser cosa hecha (CS) to be a foregone conclusion; ser/parecer otra cosa: esto es otra cosa!, ahora sí se oye this is more like it! you can hear it now; con ese peinado parece otra cosa she looks a new woman with that hairstyle; ¿invitas tú? eso es otra cosa! are you paying? oh well, that's different, then!; las cosas claras — I like to know where I stand

    * * *
    = thing, item, business [businesses, -pl.].
    Ex. A collection of medical books for the general public in a public library may deal with the same range of topics, but the indexing can probably be more broad than in a specialist index, and the terms used for the same thing may be different.
    Ex. Since only twenty or so items can be displayed on the screen at a time, the ↑ (Up), ↓ (Down), Page Up and Page Down keys are used to scroll through the listing.
    Ex. I think this whole business about whether punctuation is obtrusive or not is quite honestly not worth discussing.
    ----
    * aclarar las cosas = set + the record straight.
    * acostumbrarse a las cosas = get (back) into + the swings of things, things + grow on + Pronombre.
    * apostarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * arreglar las cosas = put + things right.
    * así son las cosas = that's they way things are.
    * a veces las cosas salen mal = shit happens.
    * cambiar las cosas desde dentro = change + things from the inside.
    * capaz de hacer cualquier cosa = capable of anything.
    * casi cualquier cosa = just about anything.
    * como si tal cosa = be right as rain, unfazed, just like that.
    * complicar las cosas = make + things complex, add + salt to the wound, add + salt to injury, add + insult to injury, rub + salt in the wound.
    * conjunto de cosas afines, el = whole schmier, the.
    * correr un velo sobre las cosas = sweep + things under the rug.
    * cosa esencial = essential.
    * cosa hecha = plain sailing, walkover.
    * cosa indeseable = beast.
    * cosa inútil = dead horse.
    * cosa que se inserta = insert.
    * cosas = stuff, matters, bits and pieces.
    * cosas buenas = goodies [goody, -sing.].
    * cosas + cambiar inesperadamente = things + take a turn for the unexpected.
    * cosas como = the likes of.
    * cosas de la casa = household chores.
    * cosa secundaria = accidentals.
    * cosas + empeorar = things + get worse, things + get rough.
    * cosas esenciales, las = basic essentials, the.
    * cosas este tipo de cosas = this sort of thing.
    * cosas inútiles = deadwood [dead wood].
    * cosas + ir bien = things + go well.
    * cosas + mejorar = things + get better.
    * cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.
    * cosas que dan miedo = things that go bump in the night.
    * cosas ricas = goodies [goody, -sing.].
    * cosas + salir bien = things + work out.
    * cosas transitorias, las = transient, the.
    * cosa superficial = accidentals.
    * cosa viva = living thing.
    * cualquier cosa = anything.
    * cualquier cosa que no sea = anything but.
    * cualquier otra cosa = anything else, whatever else.
    * dar cualquier cosa por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * dar las cosas masticadas = spoon-feed [spoon feed/spoonfeed].
    * dar sentido a las cosas = meaning making.
    * dejar las cosas como están = let + the matter + rest, let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * dejar las cosas tranquilas = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * dejar que Alguien haga las cosas a su manera = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.
    * economizar en cosas importantes y derrochar en nimiedades = penny wise, pound foolish.
    * el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].
    * empeorar las cosas = make + matters + worse, add + salt to the wound, make + things worse, add + salt to injury, add + insult to injury, rub + salt in the wound.
    * encontrar cosas comunes = find + common ground.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * enmarañar las cosas = muddy + the waters.
    * en otro orden de cosas = on another topic, as for, as regards, meanwhile, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.
    * enredar las cosas = muddy + the waters.
    * entre otras cosas = amongst other things, for one thing, inter alia, among other things.
    * ese tipo de cosas = that sort of thing.
    * estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estar equivocado en + Número + cosas = be wrong on + Número + count(s).
    * facilitar las cosas = make + things easier.
    * forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.
    * gran cosa = big deal.
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.
    * hacer cosas = get + things done.
    * hacer cualquier cosa = do + anything, give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * haciendo cosas = up and about.
    * jugarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * la cosa es que = the thing is.
    * la cosa principal = the number one thing.
    * la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.
    * la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.
    * las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.
    * las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).
    * las cosas no pasan (así) porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).
    * las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.
    * las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.
    * las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * las cosas tal y como son = the birds and the bees.
    * llamar las cosas por su nombre = call + a spade a spade.
    * lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.
    * manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.
    * mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * más que ninguna otra cosa = beyond all else.
    * mismísima cosa, la = very thing, the.
    * muchas otras cosas = much else.
    * muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.
    * ni una cosa ni la otra = in-between, betwixt and between.
    * no conseguir ni una cosa ni otra = fall (between/through) + the cracks.
    * no pensar en otra cosa que = be wrapped up in.
    * no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.
    * no ser ni una cosa ni otra = fall between + two stools.
    * no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.
    * no + Verbo + otra cosa que = Verbo + nothing else but.
    * ocultar las cosas = sweep + things under the rug.
    * otra cosa = something else.
    * otra cosa que no sea = anything other than.
    * para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury.
    * pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.
    * poca cosa = small fry, the.
    * poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.
    * por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.
    * por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.
    * qué es cada cosa = what is what.
    * qué otra cosa = what else.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back.
    * quitarle importancia a las cosas = make + light of things.
    * recoger las cosas = clear away + the things.
    * recoger las cosas de Uno antes de irse = pack + Posesivo + things.
    * restarle importancia a las cosas = make + light of things.
    * sacar las cosas de quicio = blow + things (up) out of (all) proportion.
    * sensación de no ser ni una cosa ni la otra = in-betweenness.
    * ser capaz de hacer cualquier cosa por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to.
    * sobre todas las cosas = above all things.
    * tener cosas en común = share + common ground.
    * tomarse las cosas a la ligera = make + light of things.
    * tomarse las cosas con calma = keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * una buena cosa = a good thing.
    * una cosa no + tener + nada que ver con la otra = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.
    * una misma cosa = one and the same.
    * u otra cosa = or what not [whatnot].
    * ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas desde una perspectiva = see + things from + perspective.
    * ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas en su conjunto = see + things as a whole.
    * ver las cosas en su totalidad = see + things as a whole.
    * ver las cosas positivas = look on + the bright side.
    * ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.
    * y otras cosas = and things.
    * y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( objeto) thing

    ¿alguna otra cosa? or ¿alguna cosa más? — anything else?

    b) (acto, acción) thing

    no puedo hacer otra cosa — there's nothing else I can do o it's the only thing I can do

    entre una(s) cosa(s) y otra(s)... — what with one thing and another...

    c) ( al hablar)

    qué cosas dices! — really, what a thing to say!

    dime una cosa... — tell me something...

    oye, una cosa... — ( por cierto) by the way...

    d) (detalle, punto)
    e) (asunto, tema) thing

    si por cualquier cosa no puedes venir, avísame — if you can't come for any reason, let me know

    esto no es cosa de broma/risa — this is no joke/no laughing matter

    la cosa es que... — the thing is that...

    2) cosas femenino plural ( pertenencias) things (pl)
    3) (situación, suceso)

    la cosa se pone negra/fea — things are starting to get unpleasant

    ¿cómo te van las cosas? — how are things?

    ¿cómo está la cosa? — ( cómo está la situación) how are things?; ( cómo estás) (Ven) how are you doing?

    lo que son las cosas! — well, well! o fancy that! (colloq)

    en mi vida he visto/oído cosa igual — I've never seen/heard anything like it

    cosa rara en él, se equivocó — he made a mistake, which is unusual for him

    esto es cosa de magia or de brujería — this is witchcraft!

    una cosa es ser bueno y otra ser el mejor — being good is one thing, but being the best is quite another

    4)
    a) (fam) ( ocurrencia)

    tienes cada cosa! — the things you come up (AmE) o (BrE) out with!

    no te preocupes, eso es cosa mía — don't worry, I'll handle it

    6) ( en locs)

    cosa de — (AmS fam) so as to

    cosa que — (AmS fam) so that

    no sea or no vaya a ser cosa que: llévate el paraguas, no sea cosa que llueva take your umbrella just in case; átalo, no sea cosa que se escape tie it up so that it doesn't get away; o cosa así or so; cada cosa a su tiempo one thing at a time; como quien no quiere la cosa casually; como si tal cosa: no puedes irte como si tal cosa you can't go just like that o as if nothing had happened; le dije que era peligroso y siguió como si tal cosa I told him it was dangerous but he just carried on o he carried on regardless; cosa de... (fam): es cosa de unos minutos it'll (only) take a couple of minutes; es cosa de intentarlo you just have to give it a go; está a cosa de dos kilómetros it's about two kilometers; darle cosa a alguien (fam): me da cosa comer caracoles/ver sangre eating snails/the sight of blood makes me feel funny; me da cosa pedirle tanto dinero I feel awkward asking him for so much money; decirle a alguien un par de or cuatro cosas (fam) to tell somebody a thing or two; no ser gran cosa (fam) to be nothing special (colloq); poca cosa: es muy poca cosa ( en apariencia) he's not much to look at; ( en personalidad) he's not up to much (colloq); queda algo pero poca cosa there's some left but not much; un trabajo así es muy poca cosa para ella a job like that isn't good enough for her; poner las cosas en su lugar or sitio to put o set the record straight; ser cosa hecha (CS) to be a foregone conclusion; ser/parecer otra cosa: esto es otra cosa!, ahora sí se oye this is more like it! you can hear it now; con ese peinado parece otra cosa she looks a new woman with that hairstyle; ¿invitas tú? eso es otra cosa! are you paying? oh well, that's different, then!; las cosas claras — I like to know where I stand

    * * *
    = thing, item, business [businesses, -pl.].

    Ex: A collection of medical books for the general public in a public library may deal with the same range of topics, but the indexing can probably be more broad than in a specialist index, and the terms used for the same thing may be different.

    Ex: Since only twenty or so items can be displayed on the screen at a time, the &\#8593; (Up), &\#8595; (Down), Page Up and Page Down keys are used to scroll through the listing.
    Ex: I think this whole business about whether punctuation is obtrusive or not is quite honestly not worth discussing.
    * aclarar las cosas = set + the record straight.
    * acostumbrarse a las cosas = get (back) into + the swings of things, things + grow on + Pronombre.
    * apostarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * arreglar las cosas = put + things right.
    * así son las cosas = that's they way things are.
    * a veces las cosas salen mal = shit happens.
    * cambiar las cosas desde dentro = change + things from the inside.
    * capaz de hacer cualquier cosa = capable of anything.
    * casi cualquier cosa = just about anything.
    * como si tal cosa = be right as rain, unfazed, just like that.
    * complicar las cosas = make + things complex, add + salt to the wound, add + salt to injury, add + insult to injury, rub + salt in the wound.
    * conjunto de cosas afines, el = whole schmier, the.
    * correr un velo sobre las cosas = sweep + things under the rug.
    * cosa esencial = essential.
    * cosa hecha = plain sailing, walkover.
    * cosa indeseable = beast.
    * cosa inútil = dead horse.
    * cosa que se inserta = insert.
    * cosas = stuff, matters, bits and pieces.
    * cosas buenas = goodies [goody, -sing.].
    * cosas + cambiar inesperadamente = things + take a turn for the unexpected.
    * cosas como = the likes of.
    * cosas de la casa = household chores.
    * cosa secundaria = accidentals.
    * cosas + empeorar = things + get worse, things + get rough.
    * cosas esenciales, las = basic essentials, the.
    * cosas este tipo de cosas = this sort of thing.
    * cosas inútiles = deadwood [dead wood].
    * cosas + ir bien = things + go well.
    * cosas + mejorar = things + get better.
    * cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.
    * cosas que dan miedo = things that go bump in the night.
    * cosas ricas = goodies [goody, -sing.].
    * cosas + salir bien = things + work out.
    * cosas transitorias, las = transient, the.
    * cosa superficial = accidentals.
    * cosa viva = living thing.
    * cualquier cosa = anything.
    * cualquier cosa que no sea = anything but.
    * cualquier otra cosa = anything else, whatever else.
    * dar cualquier cosa por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * dar las cosas masticadas = spoon-feed [spoon feed/spoonfeed].
    * dar sentido a las cosas = meaning making.
    * dejar las cosas como están = let + the matter + rest, let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * dejar las cosas tranquilas = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * dejar que Alguien haga las cosas a su manera = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.
    * economizar en cosas importantes y derrochar en nimiedades = penny wise, pound foolish.
    * el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].
    * empeorar las cosas = make + matters + worse, add + salt to the wound, make + things worse, add + salt to injury, add + insult to injury, rub + salt in the wound.
    * encontrar cosas comunes = find + common ground.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * enmarañar las cosas = muddy + the waters.
    * en otro orden de cosas = on another topic, as for, as regards, meanwhile, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.
    * enredar las cosas = muddy + the waters.
    * entre otras cosas = amongst other things, for one thing, inter alia, among other things.
    * ese tipo de cosas = that sort of thing.
    * estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estar equivocado en + Número + cosas = be wrong on + Número + count(s).
    * facilitar las cosas = make + things easier.
    * forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.
    * gran cosa = big deal.
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.
    * hacer cosas = get + things done.
    * hacer cualquier cosa = do + anything, give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * haciendo cosas = up and about.
    * jugarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * la cosa es que = the thing is.
    * la cosa principal = the number one thing.
    * la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.
    * la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.
    * las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.
    * las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).
    * las cosas no pasan (así) porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).
    * las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.
    * las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.
    * las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * las cosas tal y como son = the birds and the bees.
    * llamar las cosas por su nombre = call + a spade a spade.
    * lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.
    * manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.
    * mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.
    * mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * más que ninguna otra cosa = beyond all else.
    * mismísima cosa, la = very thing, the.
    * muchas otras cosas = much else.
    * muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.
    * ni una cosa ni la otra = in-between, betwixt and between.
    * no conseguir ni una cosa ni otra = fall (between/through) + the cracks.
    * no pensar en otra cosa que = be wrapped up in.
    * no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.
    * no ser ni una cosa ni otra = fall between + two stools.
    * no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.
    * no + Verbo + otra cosa que = Verbo + nothing else but.
    * ocultar las cosas = sweep + things under the rug.
    * otra cosa = something else.
    * otra cosa que no sea = anything other than.
    * para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury.
    * pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.
    * poca cosa = small fry, the.
    * poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.
    * poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.
    * por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.
    * por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.
    * qué es cada cosa = what is what.
    * qué otra cosa = what else.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back.
    * quitarle importancia a las cosas = make + light of things.
    * recoger las cosas = clear away + the things.
    * recoger las cosas de Uno antes de irse = pack + Posesivo + things.
    * restarle importancia a las cosas = make + light of things.
    * sacar las cosas de quicio = blow + things (up) out of (all) proportion.
    * sensación de no ser ni una cosa ni la otra = in-betweenness.
    * ser capaz de hacer cualquier cosa por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to.
    * sobre todas las cosas = above all things.
    * tener cosas en común = share + common ground.
    * tomarse las cosas a la ligera = make + light of things.
    * tomarse las cosas con calma = keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * una buena cosa = a good thing.
    * una cosa no + tener + nada que ver con la otra = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.
    * una misma cosa = one and the same.
    * u otra cosa = or what not [whatnot].
    * ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas desde una perspectiva = see + things from + perspective.
    * ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.
    * ver las cosas en su conjunto = see + things as a whole.
    * ver las cosas en su totalidad = see + things as a whole.
    * ver las cosas positivas = look on + the bright side.
    * ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.
    * y otras cosas = and things.
    * y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.

    * * *
    A
    1 objeto
    2 acto, acción
    3 al hablar
    4 detalle, punto
    5 asunto, tema
    Compuestos:
    B
    1 pertenencias
    2 utensilios, equipo
    C situación, suceso
    D
    1 ocurrencia
    2 comportamiento típico
    E incumbencia
    F pene
    G marihuana
    H en locuciones
    A
    1 (objeto) thing
    cualquier cosa anything
    ¿alguna otra cosa? or ¿alguna cosa más? anything else?
    pon cada cosa en su sitio put everything in its place
    te he traído una cosita I've brought you a little something
    ¡pero qué cosa más bonita! ( fam); what a pretty thing!
    queda poca cosa there's hardly anything left
    lo tienen que operar de no sé qué cosa he has to have an operation for something or other, he has to have some sort of operation
    hay muchas cosas que ver there are lots of things to see, there's plenty to see
    2
    (acto, acción): no sé hacer otra cosa it's the only thing I know how to do
    lo siento pero no puedo hacer otra cosa I'm sorry but there's nothing else I can do o it's the only thing I can do
    me gusta hacer las cosas bien I like to do things properly
    no me gusta dejar las cosas a medias I don't like doing things by halves
    entre una(s) cosa(s) y otra(s) se me pasó el tiempo volando with one thing and another the time just flew by
    me parece la cosa más natural del mundo I think that's absolutely normal o right
    3
    (al hablar): ¡qué cosas dices, hombre! really, what a thing to say! o you do say some strange ( o silly etc) things!
    dime una cosa ¿tú que piensas de todo esto? tell me, what do you make of all this?
    oye, una cosa … ¿qué vas a hacer esta noche? by the way … what are you doing tonight?
    tengo que contarte una cosa there's something I have to tell you
    4
    (detalle, punto): aquí habría que aclarar una cosa importante there's an important point here that I ought to clear up
    aquí hay una cosa que no entiendo there's something here I don't understand
    5 (asunto, tema) thing
    tenía cosas más importantes en que pensar I had more important things to think about
    hay un par de cosas que me gustaría discutir contigo there are a couple of things o matters I'd like to discuss with you
    no creo que la cosa funcione I don't think it's o this is going to work
    está muy preocupada, y la cosa no es para menos she's very worried, and so she should be
    ¡pues sí que tiene gracia la cosa! ( iró fam); well, that's great, isn't it! ( iro colloq)
    no va a ser cosa fácil it's not going to be easy
    en mis tiempos casarse era cosa seria in my day getting married was a serious thing o matter
    se enfada por cualquier cosa he gets angry over the slightest thing
    si por cualquier cosa no puedes venir, avísame if you can't come for any reason, let me know
    por una cosa o por otra, siempre llega tarde for one reason or other he always arrives late
    esto no es cosa de broma/risa this is no joke, this is no laughing matter
    la cosa es que no voy a tener tiempo the thing is that o it's just that I'm not going to have time
    la cosa es que si no llega en cinco minutos me voy look o well, if he's not here in five minutes, I'm going
    Compuestos:
    ( Der) res judicata
    res publica
    1 (pertenencias) things (pl)
    se ha llevado todas sus cosas she's taken all her things o belongings
    2 ( fam) (utensilios, equipo) things (pl) ( colloq)
    las cosas de limpiar the cleaning things
    mis cosas de deporte my sports things o gear ( colloq)
    C
    (situación, suceso): así están las cosas that's how things are o stand
    la cosa se pone negra/fea things are getting o the situation is getting unpleasant
    ¿cómo te van las cosas? how are things?
    ¿cómo está la cosa? ( Ven); how are things?
    las cosas no andan muy bien entre ellos things aren't too good between them
    esas cosas no pasaban antes things like that never used to happen before
    son cosas de la vida that's life!
    ¡lo que son las cosas! well, well! o fancy that! ( colloq)
    son cosas que pasan that's the way things go, these things happen
    además, las cosas como son, conmigo siempre se ha portado bien besides, I have to admit he's always treated me well
    en mi vida he visto/oído cosa igual I've never seen/heard anything like it
    cosa rara en él, se equivocó he made a mistake, which is unusual for him
    ¡qué cosa más extraña! how strange o funny!
    no hay tal cosa it's not true at all
    esto parece cosa de magia or de brujería or ( RPl) de Mandinga this is witchcraft!
    una cosa es que te lo preste y otra muy distinta que te lo regale lending it to you is one thing, but giving it to you is another matter altogether
    D
    1 ( fam)
    (ocurrencia): ¡tienes cada cosa! the things you think of!, the ideas you come up with!
    díselo como si fuera cosa tuya tell him as if it were your idea
    esto es cosa de tu padre this is your father's doing o idea
    ¡qué va a ser peligroso! eso son cosas de ella of course it isn't dangerous! that's just one of her funny notions o ideas
    2
    (comportamiento típico): no te preocupes, son cosas de niños don't worry, children are like that o do things like that
    E
    (incumbencia): no te metas, no es cosa tuya stay out of it, it's none of your business
    no te preocupes, eso es cosa mía don't worry, I'll handle it
    eso es cosa de mujeres that's women's work
    déjalo que se vista como quiera, eso es cosa suya let him wear what he wants, it's up to him o that's his business
    F ( euf) (pene) thing ( euph)
    G ( Col arg) (marihuana) grass
    H
    (en locuciones): cosa de ( AmS fam); to, so as to
    me fui a dormir cosa de olvidarme I went to bed (so as) to forget about it
    cosa que ( AmS fam); so that
    lo anotaré aquí, cosa que no se me olvide I'll jot it down here so (that) I don't forget
    no sea or no vaya a ser cosa que: llévate el paraguas, no sea cosa que llueva take your umbrella just in case it rains
    átalo, no sea cosa que se escape tie it up so that it doesn't get away
    mejor vamos ahora, no sea cosa que nos quedemos sin entradas we'd better go now, we don't want to get there and find there are no tickets left
    igual cosa ( Chi): tuvo un hijo varón, igual cosa su hermana she had a baby boy, and so did her sister o just like her sister
    dos horas/diez toneladas o cosa así two hours/ten tons or so
    cada cosa a su tiempo one thing at a time
    como quien no quiere la cosa: menciónaselo como quien no quiere la cosa mention it to him casually o in passing, just slip it into the conversation
    como si tal cosa: no puedes irte como si tal cosa you can't go just like that o as if nothing had happened
    le dije que era peligroso y siguió como si tal cosa I told him it was dangerous but he just carried on o he carried on regardless
    cosa de … ( fam): es cosa de unos minutos it'll (only) take a couple of minutes
    es cosa de esperar, nada más it's just a question o a matter of time, that's all
    hace cosa de cuatro años que murió it's about o it's some four years since he died
    no está muy lejos, cosa de dos kilómetros it's not very far, about two kilometers
    cosa fina ( Esp fam): los trenes en este país son cosa fina the trains in this country are really something o are something else ( colloq)
    nos divertimos cosa fina we had a whale of a time ( colloq)
    darle cosa a algn ( fam): me da cosa comer caracoles/ver sangre eating snails/the sight of blood makes me feel funny
    me da cosa pedirle tanto dinero I feel awkward asking him for so much money
    decirle a algn un par de or cuatro cosas ( fam); to tell sb a thing or two
    decir una cosa por otra to say one thing but mean another
    gran cosa ( fam): la comida no fue gran cosa the food was nothing to write home about o nothing special ( colloq)
    su novio/la película no es or vale gran cosa her boyfriend/the movie is no great shakes ( colloq)
    poca cosa: es un niño delgado y poquita cosa he's a thin child, not much to look at
    ella tan brillante y él tan poca cosa she's so brilliant and he's so mediocre, she's so brilliant but he's not up to much o he's pretty run-of-the-mill ( colloq)
    le dejó algo de dinero, pero poca cosa she left him some money, but not a vast amount o not much
    un trabajo así es muy poca cosa para ella a job like that isn't good enough for her
    poner las cosas en su sitio or lugar to put o set the record straight
    ser cosa hecha (CS); to be a foregone conclusion
    ser/parecer otra cosa: ¡esto es otra cosa!, ahora si que se oye bien this is much better! o this is more like it! you can hear it really well now
    con ese nuevo peinado ya parece otra cosa with her new hairstyle she looks a new woman
    ¡eso es otra cosa! si tú invitas sí que voy ah, that's different! o ( colloq) that's another kettle of fish! if you're paying, I will go
    las cosas claras y el chocolate espeso I like to know where I stand
    * * *

     

    Del verbo coser: ( conjugate coser)

    cosa es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    cosa    
    coser
    cosa sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en general) thing;

    ¿alguna otra cosa? anything else?;
    pon cada cosa en su lugar put everything in its place;
    entre una(s) cosa(s) y otra(s) … what with one thing and another …;
    ¡qué cosas dices! really, what a thing to say!;
    dime una cosa … tell me something …;
    tengo que contarte una cosa there's something I have to tell you;
    fue cosa fácil it was easy;
    se enfada por cualquier cosa he gets angry over the slightest thing;
    si por cualquier cosa no puedes venir if you can't come for any reason;
    por una cosa o por otra for one reason or another;
    esto no es cosa de risa/broma this is no laughing matter/no joke
    2
    ◊ cosas sustantivo femenino plural ( pertenencias) things (pl);

    mis cosas de deporte my sports things
    3 (situación, suceso):
    ◊ así están las cosas that's how things are o stand;

    la cosa se pone fea things are starting to get unpleasant;
    ¿cómo (te) van las cosas? how are things?;
    son cosas de la vida that's life!;
    ¡qué cosa más extraña! how strange o funny!
    4
    a) (fam) ( ocurrencia):

    ◊ ¡tienes cada cosa! the things you come up (AmE) o (BrE) out with!;

    esto es cosa de tu padre this is your father's doing o idea


    son cosas de Ana that's one of Ana's little ways
    5 ( asunto):

    no te preocupes, eso es cosa mía don't worry, I'll handle it
    6 ( en locs)
    ◊ cosa de (AmS fam) so as to;

    cosa de terminarlo so as to finish it;
    cosa que (AmS fam) so that;
    cosa que no me olvide so that I don't forget;
    no sea cosa que: llévate el paraguas, no sea cosa que llueva take your umbrella just in case;
    átalo, no sea cosa que se escape tie it up so that it doesn't get away;
    ser cosa de … (fam): es cosa de unos minutos it'll (only) take a couple of minutes;
    es cosa de intentarlo you just have to give it a go
    coser ( conjugate coser) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹ dobladillo› to sew;

    ‹ botón› to sew on;
    ‹ agujero› to sew (up);

    b) ‹ herida› to stitch

    verbo intransitivo
    to sew
    cosa sustantivo femenino
    1 thing: no hay otra cosa que comer, there's nothing else to eat
    2 (asunto) matter, business: es cosa mía, that's my business
    eso es otra cosa, that's different
    no hay cosa más importante que tu felicidad, there is nothing more important than your happiness
    2 cosas, (asuntos) affairs
    cosas de chiquillos, kids' stuff
    cosas de mayores, grown-up stuff
    ¡cosas de la vida!, that's life!
    3 (ocurrencias) ¡qué cosas tienes!, what a weird idea!
    ♦ Locuciones: el apartamento no es gran cosa, the apartment is not up to much
    lo que son las cosas, would you believe it
    no he visto cosa igual, I've never seen anything like it
    decir cuatro cosas, to tell a few home truths
    ser cosa de, to be a matter of: es cosa de tener paciencia, it's a matter of patience
    (como) cosa de, about: hace (como) cosa de una hora, about an hour ago
    coser verbo transitivo
    1 to sew
    2 Med to stitch up
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar es coser y cantar, it's a piece of cake
    ' cosa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    absurda
    - absurdo
    - arder
    - bicoca
    - carroña
    - chisme
    - chollo
    - como
    - conformarse
    - consigo
    - cual
    - cualquier
    - cualquiera
    - cuidada
    - cuidado
    - cuya
    - cuyo
    - debilidad
    - dejar
    - él
    - ella
    - esmerada
    - esmerado
    - exquisitez
    - frivolidad
    - indemne
    - la
    - le
    - limitarse
    - mamarrachada
    - más
    - menuda
    - menudo
    - mía
    - mío
    - muchachada
    - nada
    - niñería
    - novedad
    - pedir
    - pegajosa
    - pegajoso
    - pegote
    - pillar
    - plantar
    - preciosidad
    - preguntar
    - presidir
    - prodigio
    - propia
    English:
    absence
    - annoyance
    - anything
    - arrival
    - article
    - attraction
    - available
    - awkward
    - blissful
    - bore
    - brittle
    - bulk
    - certainty
    - clip
    - clumsy
    - come across
    - commonplace
    - compromise
    - confuse
    - connection
    - convenient
    - dead wood
    - deficiency
    - defunct
    - demise
    - discreet
    - disposable
    - ditch
    - drag
    - dream
    - else
    - escape
    - fall off
    - film
    - get back
    - gullible
    - helpful
    - hulk
    - invention
    - joke
    - laugh
    - lemon
    - liable
    - lodge
    - love
    - lust
    - misplaced
    - more
    - necessity
    - need
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [objeto, idea] thing;
    comprar unas cosas en el mercado to buy a few things at the market;
    alguna cosa anything;
    ¿quieres alguna cosa? is there anything you want?;
    ¿quiere usted alguna otra cosa o [m5] alguna cosa más? do you want anything else?;
    cualquier cosa anything;
    venden recuerdos, postales y cosas así they sell souvenirs, postcards and so on o and the like;
    una cosa, ¿podrías venir mañana? by the way, could you come tomorrow?;
    escucha, una cosa, ¿por qué no te quedas esta noche? listen, I've an idea, why don't you stay here tonight?;
    tengo que decirte una cosa I've got something to tell you;
    dime una cosa, ¿qué opinas de ella? tell me (something), what do you think of her?;
    es la cosa más natural del mundo it's the most natural thing in the world, it's completely normal;
    ¡esas cosas no se dicen! you mustn't say things like that!;
    ¡esas cosas no se hacen! it just isn't done!;
    este vino es cosa fina this wine is good stuff;
    ¡habráse visto cosa igual! have you ever seen the like of it!;
    fue una cosa nunca vista it was really out of the ordinary;
    no hay tal cosa on the contrary;
    ¡qué cosa! how strange!;
    ¡qué cosa más o [m5] tan extraña! how strange!;
    no te preocupes, no es gran cosa don't worry, it's not important o it's no big deal;
    este cuadro no vale gran cosa this painting isn't up to much;
    te han dejado poca cosa they haven't left you much, they've hardly left you anything;
    un bocadillo es poca cosa para un chico tan voraz como él a sandwich is very little for a hungry boy like him;
    nos hemos comprado un apartamento, muy poquita cosa we've bought Br a flat o US an apartment, but it's nothing fancy;
    es guapo, pero muy poquita cosa he's good-looking, but he hasn't got much of a body;
    decir cuatro cosas a alguien: cuando lo vea le voy a decir cuatro cosas when I next see him I'm going to give him a piece of my mind;
    llamar a las cosas por su nombre [hablar sin rodeos] to call a spade a spade;
    llamemos a las cosas por su nombre,… let's be honest about it,…
    2. [asunto]
    tengo muchas cosas que hacer I've got a lot (of things) to do;
    entre unas cosas y otras what with one thing and another;
    por unas cosas o por otras, no nos quedó tiempo de escribirte for one reason or another we didn't have time to write to you;
    la cosa es que ahora no quiere firmar el contrato the thing is she doesn't want to sign the contract any more;
    está muy enfadada, y la cosa no es para menos, le han robado el coche she's very angry and with good reason, she's had her car stolen;
    cada cosa a su tiempo one thing at a time;
    no me preguntes por qué no queda comida, es cosa de los niños don't ask me why there's no food left, ask the children;
    esto es cosa de magia, estoy seguro de que ayer lo dejé aquí this is most strange, I could swear I left it here yesterday;
    no es cosa de risa it's no laughing matter;
    eso de cambiar de trabajo es cosa de pensárselo changing jobs is something you need to think about carefully;
    es cosa de tener paciencia it's a question of being patient;
    no era cosa de presentarse sin avisar you couldn't just turn up without warning;
    con el ambiente de seriedad que había, no era cosa de contar un chiste given the seriousness of the atmosphere, it was neither the time nor the place to tell a joke;
    eso es cosa mía that's my affair o business;
    no te metas en la discusión, que no es cosa tuya you keep out of the argument, it's none of your business;
    eso es cosa fácil that's easy;
    convencerle no será cosa fácil it won't be easy o it'll be no easy task to convince him;
    esto es cosa seria this is a serious matter;
    eso es otra cosa that's another matter;
    ¡eso es otra cosa!, esa camisa te sienta mucho mejor that's more like it, that shirt suits you much better!
    3. [situación]
    las cosas no van muy bien últimamente things haven't been going very well recently;
    …y así es como están las cosas …and that's how things are at the moment;
    ¿cómo van las cosas? how are o how's things?;
    estas cosas no pasarían si fuéramos más cuidadosos these things wouldn't happen if we were more careful;
    Fam
    la cosa se pone fea things are getting ugly, there's trouble brewing;
    Fam
    la cosa está que arde things are reaching boiling point
    Fam
    las cosas de palacio van despacio these things usually take some time;
    4. [ocurrencia] funny remark;
    se le ocurren cosas graciosísimas she comes out with some really funny stuff o remarks;
    ¡qué cosas tienes! you do say some funny things!
    5. [comportamiento]
    son cosas de mamá that's just the way Mum is, that's just one of Mum's little idiosyncrasies;
    no les riñas, son cosas de niños don't tell them off, children are like that;
    tenemos que aceptar su muerte, son cosas de la vida we have to accept her death, it's one of those things (that happen)
    6. [en frases negativas] [nada]
    no hay cosa peor que la hipocresía there's nothing worse than hypocrisy;
    no hay cosa que me reviente más que su falta de interés there's nothing (that) annoys me more than her lack of interest, what annoys me most is her lack of interest
    7. Fam [reparo]
    me da cosa decírselo I'm a bit uneasy about telling him;
    el olor a hospital me da cosa the smell of hospitals makes me feel uneasy
    8. Méx [genitales] packet, Br lunchbox
    9. Comp
    o cosa así: [m5] tendrá treinta años o cosa así he must be thirty or thereabouts;
    (como) cosa de [aproximadamente] about;
    tardará (como) cosa de tres semanas it'll take about three weeks;
    a cosa hecha: se presentó al examen a cosa hecha he took o Br sat the exam convinced he would pass;
    hacer algo como quien no quiere la cosa [disimuladamente] to do sth innocently;
    [sin querer] to do sth almost without realizing it;
    como si tal cosa as if nothing had happened;
    ser cosa de oír/ver: las declaraciones del ganador son cosa de oír the winner's remarks are worth hearing;
    esta exposición es cosa de ver this exhibition is really worth seeing;
    Esp Fam
    cosa mala: me apetece ver esa película cosa mala I'm dying to see that movie o Br film, Br I want to see that film something chronic;
    está lloviendo cosa mala it's pouring down, Br it's chucking it down;
    me gusta cosa mala I fancy the pants off her, Br I fancy her something chronic;
    Fam
    a otra cosa, mariposa that's enough about that, let's change the subject;
    es cosa rara que se equivoque it's very rare for her to make a mistake;
    no ha llegado todavía, cosa rara porque siempre es muy puntual he hasn't arrived yet, which is strange, as he's usually very punctual;
    ni cosa que se le parezca nor anything of the kind;
    no sea cosa que: ten cuidado, no sea cosa que te vayas a caer be careful or you'll fall;
    se lo diré yo, no sea cosa que se vaya a enterar por otra persona I'll tell him because I wouldn't want him to find out from somebody else;
    no ser cosa del otro mundo o [m5] del otro jueves to be nothing special;
    Fam
    las cosas claras y el chocolate espeso stop beating around the bush, tell me things as they are;
    las cosas como son, nunca vas a aprobar ese examen let's face it, you're never going to pass that exam;
    ¡lo que son las cosas! it's a funny old world!;
    ♦ cosas nfpl
    [pertenencias, utensilios] things;
    tras su muerte, metieron sus cosas en un baúl after his death, they put his things o belongings in a trunk;
    ¿dónde guardas las cosas de pescar? where do you keep your fishing things o tackle?
    * * *
    f thing;
    ¿sabes una cosa? do you know something?;
    alguna cosa something;
    ser cosa fina be really something fam, be something else fam ;
    son cosas que pasan these things happen;
    son cosas de la vida that’s life;
    entre otras cosas among other things;
    como si tal cosa as if nothing had happened;
    decir a alguien cuatro cosas give s.o. a piece of one’s mind;
    eso es otra cosa that’s another matter;
    ¿qué pasa? – poca cosa what’s new? – nothing much;
    cosa de about;
    hace cosa de un año about a year ago;
    le dijo que había ganado la lotería como quien no quiere la cosa he told her that he had won the lottery as though it happened to him every day;
    este pintor no es gran cosa he’s not much of a painter;
    no hay tal cosa there’s no such thing;
    ¡qué cosa! that’s odd o strange!;
    lo que son las cosas well, well!, imagine that!;
    cosa rara oddly enough, strangely enough;
    son cosas de Juan that’s typical of Juan, that’s Juan all over
    * * *
    cosa nf
    1) : thing, object
    2) : matter, affair
    3)
    otra cosa : anything else, something else
    * * *
    cosa n
    1. (en general) thing
    2. (algo) something
    ¿quieres comer alguna cosa? do you want something to eat?
    3. (nada) nothing
    4. (asunto) affair / matter
    ¡no te metas en mis cosas! don't interfere in my affairs!
    no ser gran cosa to be nothing much / not to be important

    Spanish-English dictionary > cosa

  • 9 pass

    pass [pɑ:s]
    col ⇒ 1 (a) laissez-passer ⇒ 1 (b) moyenne ⇒ 1 (c) passe ⇒ 1 (e)-(g) passer devant ⇒ 2 (a) dépasser ⇒ 2 (a) passer ⇒ 2 (b)-(e), 2 (j), 3 (a), 3 (b), 3 (d), 3 (e), 3 (g), 3 (h) être reçu à ⇒ 2 (f) voter ⇒ 2 (g) se passer ⇒ 3 (d), 3 (f) être voté ⇒ 3 (i)
    1 noun
    (a) (in mountains) col m, défilé m;
    ∎ the Brenner Pass le col du Brenner
    (b) (authorization → for worker, visitor) laissez-passer m inv; Theatre invitation f, billet m de faveur; Military (→ for leave of absence) permission f; (→ for safe conduct) sauf-conduit m;
    ∎ rail/bus pass carte f d'abonnement (de train)/de bus
    (c) School & University (in exam) moyenne f, mention f passable;
    ∎ to get a pass être reçu;
    ∎ I got three passes j'ai été reçu dans trois matières
    ∎ things have come to a pretty pass on est dans une bien mauvaise passe, la situation s'est bien dégradée;
    ∎ things came to such a pass that… les choses en vinrent à ce point ou à tel point que…
    (e) Sport (with ball, puck) passe f; (in fencing) botte f; (in bullfighting) passe f;
    ∎ to make a pass at (in fencing) porter une botte à
    (f) (by magician) passe f
    (g) Computing passe f
    (h) Aviation (overflight) survol m; (attack) attaque f
    ∎ to make a pass at sb (sexual advances) faire du plat à qn
    (a) (move past, go by → building, window) passer devant; (→ person) croiser; (overtake) dépasser, doubler;
    ∎ if you pass a chemist's, get some aspirin si tu passes devant une pharmacie, achète de l'aspirine;
    ∎ he passed my table without seeing me il est passé devant ma table sans me voir;
    ∎ I passed her on the stairs je l'ai croisée dans l'escalier;
    ∎ the ships passed each other in the fog les navires se sont croisés dans le brouillard
    (b) (go beyond → finishing line, frontier) passer;
    ∎ we've passed the right exit nous avons dépassé la sortie que nous aurions dû prendre;
    ∎ contributions have passed the $100,000 mark les dons ont franchi la barre des 100 000 dollars;
    ∎ we've passed a major turning point nous avons franchi un cap important;
    ∎ not a word about it had passed her lips elle n'en avait pas dit un mot;
    ∎ to pass understanding dépasser l'entendement
    (c) (move, run) passer;
    ∎ to pass one's hand between the bars passer ou glisser sa main à travers les barreaux;
    ∎ to pass a rope round sth passer une corde autour de qch;
    ∎ to pass a sponge over sth passer l'éponge sur qch;
    ∎ she passed her hand over her hair elle s'est passé la main dans les cheveux
    (d) (hand) passer; (transmit → message) transmettre;
    ∎ to pass sth from hand to hand passer qch de main en main;
    ∎ pass me the sugar, please passez-moi le sucre, s'il vous plaît;
    ∎ pass the list around the office faites passer ou circuler la liste dans le bureau;
    ∎ can you pass her the message? pourriez-vous lui transmettre ou faire passer le message?
    (e) (spend → life, time, visit) passer;
    ∎ it passes the time cela fait passer le temps
    (f) (succeed in → exam, driving test) être reçu à, réussir;
    ∎ he didn't pass his history exam il a échoué ou il a été recalé à son examen d'histoire;
    ∎ to pass a test (vehicle, product) passer une épreuve avec succès
    (g) (approve → bill, law) voter; (→ motion, resolution) adopter; School & University (→ student) recevoir, admettre;
    ∎ the drug has not been passed by the Health Ministry le médicament n'a pas reçu l'autorisation de mise sur le marché du ministère de la Santé;
    ∎ the censor has passed the film le film a obtenu son visa de censure;
    ∎ Typography to pass for press donner le bon à tirer pour;
    ∎ Military etc to be passed fit être reconnu apte
    (h) (pronounce → verdict, sentence) prononcer, rendre; (→ remark, compliment) faire;
    ∎ he declined to pass comment il s'est refusé à tout commentaire;
    ∎ Law to pass sentence prononcer le jugement;
    ∎ to pass judgement on sb porter un jugement sur qn, juger qn
    (i) (counterfeit money, stolen goods) écouler
    (j) Sport (ball, puck) passer
    ∎ to pass one's turn passer ou sauter son tour
    ∎ to pass blood avoir du sang dans les urines;
    ∎ to pass water uriner
    ∎ to pass troops in review passer des troupes en revue
    ∎ to pass a dividend conclure un exercice sans payer de dividende
    ∎ a cloud passed across the moon un nuage est passé devant la lune;
    ∎ the wires pass under the floorboards les fils passent sous le plancher;
    ∎ alcohol passes rapidly into the bloodstream l'alcool passe rapidement dans le sang;
    ∎ his life passed before his eyes il a vu sa vie défiler devant ses yeux;
    ∎ to pass into history/legend entrer dans l'histoire/la légende;
    ∎ the expression has passed into the language l'expression est passée dans la langue
    (b) (move past, go by) passer;
    ∎ let me pass laissez-moi passer;
    ∎ the road was too narrow for two cars to pass la route était trop étroite pour que deux voitures se croisent;
    ∎ the procession passed slowly le cortège passa ou défila lentement;
    ∎ everyone smiles as he passes tout le monde sourit à son passage;
    ∎ I happened to be passing, so I thought I'd call in il s'est trouvé que je passais, alors j'ai eu l'idée de venir vous voir
    (c) (overtake) dépasser, doubler;
    ∎ no passing défense de doubler
    (d) (elapse → months, years) (se) passer, s'écouler; (→ holiday) se passer;
    ∎ the weekend passed uneventfully le week-end s'est passé sans surprises;
    ∎ time passed rapidly le temps a passé très rapidement;
    ∎ when five minutes had passed au bout de cinq minutes;
    ∎ it seemed like no time at all had passed since I had last seen her on aurait dit que pas une minute ne s'était écoulée depuis la dernière fois que je l'avais vue
    (e) (be transformed) passer, se transformer;
    ∎ it then passes into a larval stage il se transforme par la suite en larve;
    ∎ the oxygen then passes to a liquid state ensuite l'oxygène passe à l'état liquide;
    ∎ to pass from joy to despair passer de la joie au désespoir
    (f) (take place) se passer, avoir lieu;
    ∎ harsh words passed between them ils ont eu des mots;
    ∎ I don't know what passed between them je ne sais pas ce qui s'est passé entre eux;
    ∎ the party, if it ever comes to pass, should be quite something la fête, si elle a jamais lieu, sera vraiment un grand moment;
    ∎ Bible and it came to pass that… et il advint que…
    (g) (end, disappear → pain, crisis, fever) passer; (→ anger, desire) disparaître, tomber; (→ dream, hope) disparaître;
    ∎ the moment of tension passed le moment de tension est passé;
    ∎ I was about to say something witty, but the moment passed j'allais dire quelque chose de spirituel, mais j'ai laissé passer l'occasion;
    ∎ to let the opportunity pass laisser passer l'occasion
    (h) (be transferred → power, responsibility) passer; (→ inheritance) passer, être transmis;
    ∎ authority passes to the Vice-President when the President is abroad c'est au vice-président que revient la charge du pouvoir lorsque le président se trouve à l'étranger;
    ∎ the turn passes to the player on the left c'est ensuite au tour du joueur placé à gauche
    (i) (get through, be approved → proposal) être approuvé; (→ bill, law) être voté; (→ motion) être adopté; School & University (→ student) être reçu ou admis
    ∎ the insult passed unnoticed personne ne releva l'insulte;
    ∎ he let the remark/mistake pass il a laissé passer la remarque/l'erreur sans la relever;
    ∎ I don't like it, but I'll let it pass je n'aime pas ça, mais je préfère ne rien dire ou me taire;
    ∎ let it pass! passe pour cela!
    (k) (be adequate, acceptable → behaviour) convenir, être acceptable; (→ repair job) passer;
    ∎ in a grey suit you might just pass avec ton costume gris, ça peut aller
    ∎ don't try to pass as an expert n'essaie pas de te faire passer pour un expert;
    ∎ you could easily pass for your sister on pourrait très bien te prendre pour ta sœur;
    ∎ he could pass for thirty on lui donnerait trente ans;
    ∎ she could pass for a Scandinavian on pourrait la prendre pour une Scandinave
    (m) Sport faire une passe
    (n) Cards passer; (at dominoes) bouder;
    ∎ (I) pass! (in cards, quiz) je passe!; figurative aucune idée!;
    ∎ figurative I'll pass on that (declining offer) non merci; (declining to answer question) je préfère ne pas répondre à cette question
    ►► Banking pass book livret m de banque;
    pass laws = lois qui anciennement restreignaient la liberté de mouvement de la population noire en Afrique du Sud;
    British School pass mark moyenne f
    (cake, cigarettes) (faire) passer; (petition) (faire) circuler; (supplies) distribuer;
    ∎ he passed around the tray of champagne il a fait passer le plateau avec les coupes de champagne;
    ∎ figurative to pass around the hat faire une quête
    (while away) passer;
    ∎ she passed away the morning painting elle a passé la matinée à peindre;
    ∎ we read to pass the time away nous avons lu pour tuer ou passer le temps
    (a) euphemism (die) s'éteindre
    (b) (elapse → time) passer, s'écouler
    (a) (give back) rendre;
    ∎ pass the book back when you've finished rendez-moi/-lui/ etc le livre quand vous aurez fini
    ∎ I'll now pass you back to the studio je vais rendre l'antenne au studio
    (c) Sport (return to team mate) repasser; (backwards) passer en arrière
    ➲ pass by
    (disregard) ignorer, négliger;
    ∎ life is passing me by je n'ai pas l'impression de vivre;
    ∎ life has passed her by elle n'a pas vraiment vécu;
    ∎ whenever a chance comes, don't let it pass you by quand une occasion se présente, ne la laissez pas échapper
    (go past → house etc) passer devant
    (a) (go past) passer; (carry on without stopping) continuer son chemin;
    ∎ luckily a taxi was passing by heureusement un taxi passait par là;
    ∎ he passed by without a word! il est passé à côté de moi sans dire un mot!
    (b) (visit) passer;
    ∎ she passed by to say hello elle est passée dire bonjour
    (c) (of time) passer
    (a) (reach down) passer;
    ∎ he passed me down my suitcase il m'a tendu ou passé ma valise
    (b) (transmit → inheritance, disease, tradition) transmettre, passer;
    ∎ the songs were passed down from generation to generation les chansons ont été transmises de génération en génération
    (represent falsely) faire passer;
    ∎ she passed him off as a duke elle l'a fait passer pour un duc;
    ∎ to pass oneself off as an artist se faire passer pour (un) artiste;
    ∎ to pass sth off as a joke (accept as a joke) prendre qch en riant ou comme une plaisanterie; (claim to be a joke) dire qu'on a fait/dit qch pour rire
    (a) (take place → conference, attack) se passer, se dérouler;
    ∎ the meeting passed off without incident la réunion s'est déroulée sans incident;
    ∎ everything passed off well tout s'est bien passé
    (b) (end → fever, fit) passer;
    ∎ the effects of the drug had passed off les effets du médicament s'étaient dissipés
    ➲ pass on
    (a) (hand on → box, letter) (faire) passer;
    ∎ read this and pass it on lisez ceci et faites circuler
    (b) (transmit → disease, message, tradition) transmettre;
    ∎ they pass the costs on to their customers ils répercutent les coûts sur leurs clients;
    ∎ these cost reductions have been passed on to the consumer le consommateur a bénéficié de ces réductions des coûts;
    ∎ we meet at eight o'clock, pass it on nous avons rendez-vous à huit heures, fais passer (la consigne)
    (a) euphemism (die) trépasser, s'éteindre
    (b) (proceed → on journey) continuer son chemin ou sa route;
    ∎ to pass on to another subject passer à un autre sujet;
    ∎ passing on to the question of cost,… si nous passons maintenant à la question du coût,…
    (a) (hand out) distribuer
    (b) Irish Cars (overtake) dépasser
    (a) (faint) s'évanouir, perdre connaissance; (from drunkenness) tomber ivre mort; (go to sleep) s'endormir
    (b) Military (cadet) ≃ finir ses classes
    (overlook → person) ne pas prendre en considération;
    ∎ he was passed over for promotion on ne lui a pas accordé la promotion qu'il attendait
    (a) (ignore) passer sous silence; (difficulty etc) passer sur, glisser sur;
    ∎ they passed over the subject in silence ils ont passé la question sous silence
    (b) (cross → river etc) traverser, franchir; (→ obstacle) franchir, passer sur
    (a) (end → storm) se dissiper, finir
    ∎ to pass over to the enemy passer à l'ennemi
    (country, area, difficult period) traverser; (barrier) franchir;
    ∎ the bullet passed through his shoulder la balle lui a traversé l'épaule;
    ∎ you pass through a small village vous traversez un petit village;
    ∎ he passed through the checkpoint without any trouble il a passé le poste de contrôle sans encombre
    passer;
    ∎ I'm not staying in Boston, I'm just passing through je ne reste pas à Boston, je suis juste de passage
    (a) (hand up) passer;
    ∎ pass me up the light bulb passe-moi l'ampoule
    (b) (not take → opportunity) laisser passer; (→ job) refuser;
    ∎ I'll have to pass up their invitation je vais devoir décliner leur invitation

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > pass

  • 10 BERA

    * * *
    I)
    (ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.
    I.
    1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);
    bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;
    bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;
    bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;
    2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);
    bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;
    3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);
    4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;
    kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;
    absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;
    the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;
    verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;
    þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;
    borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;
    Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;
    borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;
    5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;
    bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;
    bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;
    verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;
    borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;
    þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;
    borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;
    6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);
    þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;
    fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);
    of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);
    absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;
    similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;
    bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;
    hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?
    hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;
    bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;
    7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);
    bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);
    bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;
    bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;
    bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;
    bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;
    bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;
    bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;
    bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;
    refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);
    8) to set forth, report, tell;
    bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);
    bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;
    bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;
    bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;
    bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;
    bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;
    eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;
    9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);
    bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);
    bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;
    bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;
    bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;
    bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;
    10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);
    bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;
    hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;
    bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;
    bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;
    bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;
    11) with preps.:
    bera af e-m, to surpass;
    en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;
    bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;
    bera eld at, to set fire to;
    bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;
    bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);
    bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);
    bera e-t um, to wind round;
    þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;
    bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;
    bera út barn, to expose a child;
    12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);
    láta af berast, to die;
    láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);
    berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);
    at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;
    berast vápn á, to attack one another;
    berast at or til, to happen;
    þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;
    ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;
    berast í móti, to happen, occur;
    hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;
    berast við, to be prevented;
    ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;
    II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;
    alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);
    bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;
    esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;
    þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;
    Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;
    ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;
    e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;
    hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);
    2) followed by preps.:
    Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;
    hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;
    e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;
    Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;
    e-t berr á milli, comes between;
    leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;
    fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;
    mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;
    veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;
    e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;
    bera saman, to coincide;
    bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;
    fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;
    fund várn bar saman, we met;
    3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;
    svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;
    þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;
    bar honum svá til, it so befell him;
    þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;
    raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;
    4) of time, to fall upon;
    ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;
    bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;
    5) denoting cause;
    e-t berr til, causes a thing;
    konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;
    ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;
    berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;
    6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;
    hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;
    e-t berr frá, is surpassing;
    er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;
    7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;
    e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;
    8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;
    e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);
    used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).
    (að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f.
    I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.
    II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.
    2.
    bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].
    A. Lat. ferre, portare:
    I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.
    2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.
    3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.
    II. without a sense of motion:
    1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.
    β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.
    2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:
    α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.
    β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.
    3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:
    α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.
    β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.
    III. in law terms or modes of procedure:
    1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)
    2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.
    β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.
    B. Various and metaph. cases.
    I. denoting motion:
    1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.
    β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.
    2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.
    II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidence … to do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.
    2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.
    III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.
    IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.
    β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.
    γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.
    C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:
    I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.
    β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.
    γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.
    2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.
    II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.
    2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.
    3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.
    4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.
    β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.
    γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.
    5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.
    β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.
    III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.
    IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.
    D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BERA

  • 11 παρά

    πᾰρά [pron. full] [ρᾰ], [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also [full] παραί: shortd. [full] πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.Supp. 553, S.Tr. 636), and in all dial ects exc. [dialect] Att., GDI5434.8 ([place name] Paros), IG5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn.26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.
    A beside: hence,
    A WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:
    I of Place,

    πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744

    ;

    παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225

    , etc.;

    παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197

    ;

    πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533

    , etc.;

    δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194

    ;

    φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190

    , cf. 21.173;

    σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473

    ; πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A.Th. 624.
    II commonly of Persons,
    1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc.,

    ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός Il.2.787

    ;

    παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70

    , etc.;

    ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt.8.140

    .

    ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.An.1.7.13

    ;

    ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117

    ; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X.Cyr.4.5.53; so

    οἱ π. τινός Th.7.10

    , Ev.Marc.3.21, etc.;

    ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.An.1.1.5

    , etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.;

    ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.An.2.1.20

    ;

    σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.DMort.1.2

    .
    2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl.Smp. 179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt.8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl.Phdr. 232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X.Mem.2.2.12; τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id.Cyr.5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id.An.2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.Mem.3.11.13; τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl.Smp. 219a; παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5;

    παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.HG6.1.3

    ; νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl.Prt. 322d; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν of themselves, Id.Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr. 235c.
    3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like ,

    τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290

    , 15.158;

    πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452

    ;

    ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.P.1.76

    ;

    εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14

    , cf. IG12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th.1.20, X.Oec.9.11, Hes.Th. 914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S.El. 870 (lyr.), X.HG3.1.4;

    ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl.R. 406d

    ;

    κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.Mx. 236e

    : without Verb,

    ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG12.76.27

    : with Verbs of learning, etc.,

    μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt.2.104

    , etc.
    4 with [voice] Pass. Verbs,

    πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122

    ;

    π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl.Phdr. 245c

    , etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X.Cyr.1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., Isoc.4.26;

    με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl.Smp. 175e

    .
    III rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near,

    πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.10.62

    , 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S.Ant. 966 (lyr.);

    τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG12.81.5

    ; πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S.19.42.
    IV π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος without his consent, BCH46.337 ([place name] Teos).
    B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?
    I of Places, κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ'.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od.7.154, 9.319;

    νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408

    ;

    ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565

    ; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346;

    π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773

    ;

    δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97

    , cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.;

    κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ S.OT 972

    ; παρ' οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc.
    2 at one's house or place, with one,

    μένειν π. τισί 9.427

    ;

    θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490

    ;

    φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627

    ; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt.1.105, cf. 86;

    παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X.Cyr.1.2.15

    ;

    καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82

     (but

    παρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136

    ), etc.: hence οἱ παρ' ἐμοί those of my household, X.Mem.2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρ' ἐμοί life with me, Id.An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl.Phd. 64b; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος, D.15.19; ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, S.OT 612;

    τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl.Phlb. 29f

    ;

    ὅσος παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται S.OT 382

    ;

    τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl.Phlb. 29f

    ; also, in one's hands,

    τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG12.91.6

    ;

    ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130

    , etc.; οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men.Epit.98.
    3 before, in the presence of,

    ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154

    ; before a judge,

    δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG12.16.9

    ;

    π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt.3.160

    ;

    π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65

    ;

    παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73

    ;

    εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13

    : hence παρ' ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt.1.32, cf. S.Tr. 589, E.Heracl. 881, 1 Ep.Cor.3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl.Grg. 510e.
    4 in quoting authors, παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H.Comp.9,18.
    III Arc., = π. c. gen., from,

    καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG559.9

     (Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.).
    C WITH ACCUS. in three main senses,
    I beside, near, by,
    II along,
    III past, beyond.
    I beside, near, by:
    1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to,

    ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347

    , cf. 8.220, etc.;

    βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34

    , cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.;

    ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51

    , etc.;

    φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl.Phd. 59d

    ; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.;

    ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt.1.86

    ;

    καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17

    .
    2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases as

    ἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406

    , cf. 11.577),

    ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ' Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον Od.4.51

    , cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.;

    π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122

    ;

    καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG12.94.28

    ; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., Od.12.32, cf. 3.460;

    ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.Euthd. 271b

    , cf. Phd. 89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge.19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46;

    παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr.Char. 21.2

    , cf. Pl.Smp. 175c;

    ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.Ly. 211a

    , cf. R. 328c;

    στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.Phd. 116c

    ;

    τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313

    , cf. 6.34, IG12.943.45;

    τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90

    ;

    κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt.4.87

    ;

    τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140

    .ά (v.l. ἐμοί)

    ; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν X.Cyr.1.4.18

    , cf. An.1.9.31, Ar.Fr. 451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3;

    ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99

    , cf. S.El. 184 (lyr.), Tr. 636 (lyr.);

    Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG12.204.52

    ;

    τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3

    , cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112;

    τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ' Ἀπόλλωνα IG42

     (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρ' ὄμμα before one's eyes, E.Supp. 484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld.Ir.p.78 W., Rh.2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al.
    b [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of.., with a person, IG7.3171.7 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar.Ach. 759 (Megar.);

    τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG9(2).517.18

     (Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13;

    πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5

     (Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in [dialect] Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with.., Pl. R. 465c.
    3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc.,

    βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480

    , etc.;

    τὸν δ' ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146

    ;

    τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117

    , cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.;

    αἰχμὴ δ' ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα 5.293

    , cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib. 290.
    4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with..,

    ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl.Grg. 475e

    , cf. Hp.Mi. 369c, Smp. 214c, R. 348a;

    ἐξέτασον παρ' ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα D.18.265

    ;

    ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων Arist.Mete. 375a24

    .
    b Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.Aequil.2.1;

    π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men. 87a

    ; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con.1.11: hence,
    c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (v.

    παραβάλλω A.

     VII. 2);

    μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33

    ; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond.5.1718.2 (vi A. D.).
    5 Geom., parallel to.., Democr.155, Arist. Top. 158b31, Archim.Sph. Cyl.1.12, al.
    6 metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar.Av. 1240, Nu. 584.
    b Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] Pl.Cra. 398d, cf. 399a, Lg. 654a: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron.31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R.2.624;

    σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.PSp.24

     B.
    7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority,

    δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt.2.160

    , cf. 7.20, 103;

    ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23

    , cf. 4.6;

    τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41

    ;

    π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X.Mem.1.4.14

    ;

    φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl.R. 584a

    , cf. Phdr. 236d, La. 183c, al.;

    εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH26.332

     ([place name] Halae);

    προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34

     (iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem.8.19; so perh. παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph.234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S.Aj. 475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves)

    πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom.14.5

    .
    8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E.IT 732, cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.);

    παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.Ant.35

    ; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc.5.79, D.61.51;

    παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.An.6.6.11

    ; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S.OT 983, cf. Ant. 466;

    παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις E.Or. 569

    ;

    οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.An.1.18.6

    ; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt.1.120.
    b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib.1.100.4 (iii B. C.).
    9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.);

    πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.Ra. 643

    ; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρ' ἡμέρην, opp. καθ' ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp.Aph.1.12; καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.Epict.2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb.3.110.4; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu.Cleom.15; παρ' ἔτος year and year about, Arist.GA 757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2);

    ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND28

    ; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist.HA 582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG5(2).422 ([place name] Phigalea), cf. Arr.Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom.Ar.1.18; ἕνα π. δύο ([etym.] τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E.Heracl. 611.
    10 precisely at the moment of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D.18.13, 21.26;

    ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG12.188.31

    ; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D.20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu.Ant.63;

    π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.Or.1.10b

    ; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld.9.2;

    π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.NA14.10

    .
    b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt.1.32;

    ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.Oec.20.18

    ; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101;

    π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG12(7).5.14

     ([place name] Amorgos); παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B.Fr.7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl.1.122; παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist.HA 571a21;

    τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.Pr. 881b26

    ;

    ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70

    ;

    τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg. 705a

    .
    c παρ' ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ .. to-day and to-morrow, Pi.P.11.63; but παρ' ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC 1455 (lyr.).
    d throughout a period of time,

    π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46

    ;

    π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.Lg. 733a

    ;

    π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10

    ; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt.2.121.

    δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156

    ;

    π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.Ant.24

    ; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id.2.737a,674f.
    II along,

    ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558

    ;

    βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352

    ;

    π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21

    ;

    ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt.7.193

    ;

    π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148

    ; ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E.Alc. 835;

    παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3

    ; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b.
    2 strictly according to, without deviating from,

    εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945

    , cf. S.Fr.474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A.Ag. 1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34.
    III past, beyond,

    παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145

    , cf. Od.3.172, 24.12;

    βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap. 425

    ; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X.Cyr.5.2.29; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., Ar.Av. 390.
    2 metaph., over and above, in addition to,

    οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.Nu. 698

    ;

    π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl.Phd. 74a

    , cf.R. 337d, D.18.139, X.HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id.Ages.5.3, cf. Mem.4.4.1, Oec.20.16;

    ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl. Ion 539e

    .
    3 metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.Lyc.16, Arist.Rh.Al. 1423b29;

    π. τὴν δ. Id.Po. 1451b38

    .
    4 metaph., in transgression or violation of,

    π. μοῖραν Od.14.509

    ;

    π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp. 14.10

    ; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.P.8.13, O.2.16, etc.;

    π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90

    , etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id.1.67, X.HG1.7.14;

    π. φύσιν Th.6.17

    , cf. Pl.Lg. 747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi.O.8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A.Supp. 454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; παρ' ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A.Ag. 899, S.Ant. 392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi.N.7.69;

    π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77

    , etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id.4.17, 1.98.
    5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', ' with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap. 36a; παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E.IT 870 (lyr.);

    παρ' ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο Th.7.71

    ; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar.Pl. 445; παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc.Nec.17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp.Eux.28, cf. D.23.205;

    π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37

    ; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., Th.8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc.4.59.
    b in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (

    τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.Ph. 197a29

    ), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th.4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him),

    ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258

    , cf. Plu.Pyrrh. 14, Alex.62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc.Cat.4;

    παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt.9.33

    ;

    παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14

    , cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom.Ar.1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24; παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ.9; σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc.Cat.4;

    δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2

    ; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu.Cat.Mi.20, Ant.5;

    ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG5(1).801

     ([place name] Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear ([etym.] ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc.5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy.264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh.2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c.
    6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies,

    τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2

     (cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., Arist.HA 486b5;

    μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29

    , cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car.11.
    7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (

    τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.APr. 65b6

    , cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi.O.2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id.9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., 1 Ep.Cor.12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.);

    οὐδὲν ἂν παρ' ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων Lycurg.63

    , cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224;

    παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.Epict.3.24.2

    , cf. Phld.Rh.2.16 S.;

    παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA25p.477M.

    ; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., Pl.Lg. 715d, cf. X.Eq.Mag.1.5, D.C.Fr.36.5;

    π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.Ench.51.2

    ; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ7.13 (ii B. C.);

    π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge.29.20

    , cf. Ex.14.11; later more loosely, because of.., Phld.Rh.1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl.243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1420.7 (ii A. D.).
    8 of a limit of possibility,

    εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239

    ; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr.Epict.2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar.Av. 846.
    D POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies,

    τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400

    ; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ' ib. 191.
    E παρά abs., as ADV., near, together, Il.1.611, al., E.IA 201 (lyr.).
    F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il.1.174, Hes.Op. 454, A.Pers. 167, Hdt.1.42, al., S.El. 285, Ar.Ach. 862, etc.
    I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι ([etym.] εἶμι).
    II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.
    III to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω.
    IV metaph.,
    1 aside or beyond, i.e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω.
    2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.
    3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.
    4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr 'along', Lat. por-.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παρά

  • 12 next

    1. adjective
    1) (nearest) nächst...

    the seat next to me — der Platz neben mir

    the next but one — der/die/das übernächste

    next to — (fig.): (almost) fast; nahezu

    2) (in order) nächst...

    within the next few days — in den nächsten Tagen

    we'll come next May — wir kommen im Mai nächsten Jahres

    the next largest/larger — der/die/das nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere

    [the] next time — das nächste Mal

    the next best — der/die/das nächstbeste

    2. adverb
    (in the next place) als nächstes; (on the next occasion) das nächste Mal

    sit/stand next to somebody — neben jemandem sitzen/stehen

    place something next to somebody/something — etwas neben jemanden/etwas stellen

    come next to last — (in race) zweitletzter/zweitletzte werden

    come next to bottom — (in exam) der/die Zweitschlechteste sein

    3. noun
    1)

    the week after next — [die] übernächste Woche

    2) (person)

    next of kin — nächster/nächste Angehörige

    next please! — der nächste, bitte!

    * * *
    [nekst] 1. adjective
    (nearest in place, time etc: When you have called at that house, go on to the next one; The next person to arrive late will be sent away; Who is next on the list?) nächst
    2. adverb
    (immediately after in place or time: John arrived first and Jane came next.) als Nächste/r/s
    3. pronoun
    (the person or thing nearest in place, time etc: Finish one question before you begin to answer the next; One minute he was sitting beside me - the next he was lying on the ground.) der/die/das Nächste
    - academic.ru/117500/next_best">next best
    - biggest
    - oldest
    - next door
    - next to
    * * *
    [nekst]
    I. adj inv
    1. (coming immediately after) nächste(r, s)
    the \next moment she was gone im nächsten Augenblick war sie weg
    I'll be on holiday for the \next couple of days ich bin die nächsten zwei Tage auf Urlaub
    this time \next year nächstes Jahr um diese Zeit
    for the \next couple of weeks die nächsten paar Wochen
    the \next day am nächsten Tag
    \next month nächsten Monat
    [the] \next time das nächste Mal, nächstes Mal
    \next time I'll bring a hat nächstes Mal bringe ich einen Hut mit
    on Monday \next nächsten Montag
    2. (next in order, space) nächste(r, s), folgende(r, s)
    the \next step is to find a house to buy als Nächstes müssen wir dann ein Haus finden, das wir kaufen können
    take the \next turning on the right biegen Sie bei der nächsten Gelegenheit rechts ab
    the woman in the \next room die Frau im Raum nebenan
    the \next chapter das nächste Kapitel
    as much as the \next person wie jede(r) andere [auch]
    the \next but one der/die/das Übernächste
    she is the \next managing director but one sie ist die übernächste Geschäftsführerin
    ▪ to be \next der/die Nächste sein, als Nächste(r) dran sein
    who's \next please? wer ist der/die Nächste?
    excuse me, I was \next Entschuldigung, ich komme als Nächste(r)
    3.
    ▶ the \next world das Jenseits
    II. adv inv
    1. (subsequently) dann, gleich darauf
    what would you like \next? was möchten Sie als Nächstes?
    so what happened \next? was geschah als Nächstes?
    \next, I heard the sound of voices dann hörte ich Stimmen
    2. (again) das nächste Mal
    when I saw him \next he had transformed himself als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah, sah er ganz verwandelt aus
    when are you \next going to London? wann fährst du das nächste Mal nach London?
    3. (second) zweit-
    the opinion poll found that law and order is the most important political issue for voters and education is the \next most important bei der Meinungsumfrage kam heraus, dass Gesetze für die Wähler das wichtigste Thema sind, Bildung das zweitwichtigste
    \next-to-last day esp AM vorletzter Tag
    he injured himself in a climbing accident on the \next-to-last day of his vacation er verletzte sich am vorletzten Tag seines Urlaubs bei einem Kletterunfall
    the \next best thing die zweitbeste Sache
    the \next oldest/youngest der/die/das Zweitälteste/Zweitjüngste
    Jo was the \next oldest after Martin Jo war der/die Zweitälteste nach Martin
    4. (to one side)
    ▪ \next to sth/sb neben etw/jdm
    who works in the office \next to yours? wer arbeitet in dem Büro neben dir?
    I prefer to sit \next to the window when I'm on a plane ich sitze im Flugzeug am liebsten neben dem Fenster
    we sat \next to each other wir saßen nebeneinander
    5. (following in importance)
    ▪ \next to sth nach etw dat
    cheese is my favourite food and \next to cheese I like chocolate best Käse esse ich am liebsten und nach Käse mag ich am liebsten Schokolade
    ▪ \next to... beinahe..., fast...
    in \next to no time im Handumdrehen fam
    there was very little traffic and it took \next to no time to get home es war sehr wenig Verkehr, und wir waren im Handumdrehen zu Hause
    \next to impossible beinahe unmöglich
    it's \next to impossible to find somewhere cheap to live in the city centre es ist fast unmöglich, eine günstige Wohnung im Stadtzentrum zu finden
    \next to nothing fast gar nichts
    Charles knew \next to nothing about farming Charles wusste fast nichts über Landwirtschaft
    7. (compared with)
    ▪ \next to sb/sth neben jdm/etw
    \next to her I felt like a fraud neben ihr komme ich mir wie ein Betrüger/eine Betrügerin vor
    8.
    ▶ what [or whatever] \next! und was kommt dann?
    so he decided to get married at last — whatever \next! — children, I expect jetzt haben sie also endlich geheiratet — und was kommt als Nächstes? — Kinder, nehme ich an
    III. n (following one) der/die/das Nächste
    nothing ever changes, one day is very much like the \next nichts ändert sich, ein Tag gleicht so ziemlich dem anderen
    can we arrange a meeting for the week after \next? können wir uns übernächste Woche treffen?
    one moment he wasn't there, the \next he was kaum war er da, war er auch schon wieder weg
    \next in line der/die/das Nächste
    hey don't butt in in front of me — I was the \next in line he, drängen Sie sich nicht vor — ich war der/die Nächste
    he is \next in line to the throne er ist der Nächste in der Thronfolge
    from one day/moment/year/minute to the \next von einem Tag/Augenblick/Jahr/einer Minute auf den nächsten/das nächste/die nächste
    things don't change much here from one year to the \next die Dinge ändern sich hier von einem Jahr aufs andere kaum
    * * *
    [nekst]
    1. adj
    1) (in place) nächste(r, s)

    next ( Comput: command ) — weiter

    2) (in time) nächste(r, s)

    come back next week/Tuesday — kommen Sie nächste Woche/nächsten Dienstag wieder

    he came back the next day/week — er kam am nächsten Tag/in der nächsten Woche wieder

    (the) next time I see him — wenn ich ihn das nächste Mal sehe

    the year after next —

    3) (order) nächste(r, s)

    I knew I was the next person to speak — ich wusste, dass ich als Nächster sprechen sollte

    I'll ask the very next person (I see) — ich frage den Nächsten(, den ich sehe)

    the next but one —

    the next thing to do is (to) polish it — als Nächstes poliert man (es)

    the next thing I knew I... — bevor ich wusste, wie mir geschah,... ich...; (after fainting etc) das Nächste, woran ich mich erinnern kann, war, dass ich...

    the next size up/down — die nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere Größe

    2. adv
    1) (= the next time) das nächste Mal; (= afterwards) danach

    what shall we do next? —

    whatever next? (in surprise) — Sachen gibts! (inf); (despairingly) wo soll das nur hinführen?

    2)

    next to sb/sth — neben jdm/etw; (with motion) neben jdn/etw

    the next to last row —

    the next to bottom shelf — das vorletzte Brett, das zweitunterste Brett

    next to nothing/nobody — so gut wie nichts/niemand

    next to impossible —

    I kept it next to my heart (most important thing) (dearest thing) — es lag mir am meisten am Herzen es war mir das Liebste

    3)

    the next best — der/die/das Nächstbeste

    3. n
    Nächste(r) mf; (= child) Nächste(s) nt
    4. prep (old)
    neben (+dat)
    * * *
    next [nekst]
    A adj
    1. (Ort, Lage) nächst(er, e, es), nächststehend:
    the next house; → door Bes Redew
    2. (Zeit, Reihenfolge) nächst(er, e, es), (unmittelbar) folgend:
    next month nächsten Monat;
    next time das nächste Mal, ein andermal, in Zukunft;
    the next day am nächsten oder folgenden oder anderen Tag
    3. unmittelbar vorhergehend oder folgend:
    next in size nächstgrößer(er, e, es) oder nächstkleiner(er, e, es)
    4. (an Rang) nächst(er, e, es)
    B adv
    1. (Ort, Zeit etc) als Nächste(r) oder Nächstes, gleich darauf:
    come next als Nächster (Nächste, Nächstes) folgen;
    his turn comes next after hers er kommt unmittelbar nach ihr dran
    2. nächstens, demnächst, das nächste Mal:
    when I saw him next als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah
    3. (bei Aufzählung) dann, darauf
    C präp obs
    1. gleich neben (dat oder akk)
    2. gleich nach (Rang, Reihenfolge)
    D s (der, die, das) Nächste:
    next, please der Nächste, bitte!;
    the next to come der Nächste;
    you are next Sie sind als Nächster dran;
    you’ll be next du wirst der Nächste sein;
    “to be continued in our next” „Fortsetzung folgt“;
    in my next obs in meinem nächsten SchreibenBesondere Redewendungen: next to
    a) gleich neben (dat od akk),
    b) gleich nach (Rang, Reihenfolge),
    c) beinahe, fast unmöglich etc, so gut wie nichts etc next to useless praktisch zwecklos;
    next to last zweitletzt(er, e, es);
    I got it for next to nothing ich hab’s für einen Apfel und ein Ei bekommen umg;
    next to the ( oder one’s) skin auf der bloßen Haut;
    next but one übernächst(er, e, es);
    the next best thing to do das Nächstbeste;
    (the) next moment im nächsten Augenblick;
    the next man ( oder person) der erste Beste;
    I’m as honest as the next man ich bin genauso ehrlich wie jeder andere oder wie alle anderen;
    my washing machine is as good as the next one meine Waschmaschine ist ebenso gut wie alle anderen;
    the river next ( oder the next river) to the Thames in length der nächstlängste Fluss nach der Themse;
    not till next time hum nie mehr bis zum nächsten Mal; → what Bes Redew
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (nearest) nächst...

    the next but one — der/die/das übernächste

    next to — (fig.): (almost) fast; nahezu

    2) (in order) nächst...

    the next largest/larger — der/die/das nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere

    [the] next time — das nächste Mal

    the next best — der/die/das nächstbeste

    2. adverb
    (in the next place) als nächstes; (on the next occasion) das nächste Mal

    sit/stand next to somebody — neben jemandem sitzen/stehen

    place something next to somebody/something — etwas neben jemanden/etwas stellen

    come next to last — (in race) zweitletzter/zweitletzte werden

    come next to bottom — (in exam) der/die Zweitschlechteste sein

    3. noun
    1)

    the week after next — [die] übernächste Woche

    2) (person)

    next of kin — nächster/nächste Angehörige

    next please! — der nächste, bitte!

    * * *
    adj.
    nächstes adj. prep.
    nächst präp.

    English-german dictionary > next

  • 13 move

    [muːv] 1. гл.
    1)
    а) двигать, передвигать, перемещать; изменять положение (чего-л.)

    She moved the tray, and put the table back in its place. — Она отодвинула поднос и вернула столик на место.

    Oh, you've moved the furniture around again! — А, ты снова передвинул мебель!

    She moved her lips but could not speak. — Она шевелила губами, но не могла говорить.

    б) двигаться, передвигаться, перемещаться

    Please move out of the way. — Пожалуйста, отойди с дороги.

    The old man had difficulty in moving down the stairs. — Старик с трудом сходил вниз по лестнице.

    Losing interest, the crowd moved slowly away. — Теряя интерес, толпа медленно расходилась.

    There's room for three if you move over. — Если ты подвинешься, хватит места на троих.

    в) делать ход; перемещать фигуры ( в настольных играх)
    •
    Syn:
    shift 2., stir I 2., budge I, transpose, carry 1., pass 1., remove 2., transport 2., switch 2., bear II, convey, transmit
    2) переезжать; переселяться

    She just moved here at the beginning of the term. — Она переехала сюда в начале семестра.

    We've bought our new house, but we can't move in till the end of the month. — Мы купили новый дом, но не можем въехать в него до конца месяца.

    Syn:
    Ant:
    3)
    а) действовать, функционировать

    The clock doesn't move. — Часы не идут.

    Syn:
    б) физиол. действовать ( о кишечнике)
    4) побуждать; приводить в движение; заставлять, вынуждать

    Curiosity moved me to open the box. — Любопытство заставило меня открыть ящик.

    Syn:
    5)
    а) трогать, волновать; вызывать (какие-л. чувства, эмоции)

    I was truly moved by his tears. — Я был по-настоящему растроган его слезами.

    Syn:
    touch 2., affect I 2., arouse, rouse I 1., excite, stir I 2., sway 2., interest 2., impress I 2., impassion, fire 2., strike I 1.
    б) уст. гневить, вызывать гнев
    6)
    а) вносить (предложение, резолюцию); делать заявление

    I move that we accept the proposal. — Я предлагаю принять это предложение.

    The opposition moved the previous question. — Оппозиция внесла предложение по предыдущему вопросу.

    Syn:
    б) ( move for) обращаться в связи с (чем-л.), ходатайствовать о (чём-л.)

    The defence lawyer moved for a new trial because he had discovered some important new witnesses. — Адвокат защиты ходатайствовал о новом разбирательстве в связи с обнаружением новых важных свидетелей.

    7)
    а) начинать действовать; принимать меры

    Let's move before it's too late. — Давайте действовать, а то будет слишком поздно.

    б) развиваться ( о событиях); идти, подвигаться ( о делах)

    The story moves far too slowly. — События (в рассказе) разворачиваются слишком медленно.

    Syn:
    в) продвигаться вперёд (об армии, войсках)
    8) бывать, вращаться (в каких-л. кругах, обществе)

    He moved in the first circles of Edinburgh. — Он вращался в высших кругах Эдинбургского общества.

    9)

    Booksellers should easily be able to move this slender "autobiography" of Lincoln. — Книготорговцам не должно составить никакого труда распродать эту скудную "автобиографию" Линкольна.

    б) продаваться; находить покупателей
    •
    Syn:
    sell 1.
    10) разг. снимать шляпу ( в знак приветствия)

    We move when we meet one another. — Мы снимаем шляпы в знак приветствия, когда встречаемся друг с другом.

    •
    - move in
    - move on
    - move over
    - move up
    ••

    to move heaven and earth — пустить всё в ход; сделать всё возможное

    2. сущ.
    1)
    а) движение; перемена места

    Get a move on! — разг. Поторопись!

    Syn:
    б) движение, развитие, совершенствование

    Civilization is always on the move. — Цивилизация постоянно развивается.

    2) переезд (на другую квартиру, в другой город, в другое место)

    The first holiday-seekers are making a move to the seaside. — Первые отдыхающие переезжают к морю.

    It's your move. — Твой ход.

    This is a peculiar move permitted to the king once in the game. — Это особый ход, который король может сделать только один раз за всю игру.

    Syn:
    4)
    а) акт, действие, поступок, шаг

    clever / smart move — разумный поступок

    Selling your car was a good move. — Ты правильно поступил, что продал автомобиль.

    One false move would be costly. — Любой неверный шаг будет дорого стоить.

    б) акция, действие
    •
    Syn:
    action, deed 1., act 1., maneuver, manoeuvre 1., ploy I, measure 1., stroke 1., step 1.
    5) уст. побуждение, предложение

    He tried to make many different moves. — Он пытался подступиться со множеством разных предложений.

    Syn:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > move

  • 14 рассматриваемый

    Рассматриваемый ( в препозиции) - the; the relevant (интересующий нас); the subject; the candidate (один из вариантов); ( в постпозиции) - involved, considered, concerned, covered; being considered; under consideration, under investigation, under discussion; of interest, in question, at hand
     The physical process consists of distributed parameter dynamic elements, most generally represented by nonlinear partial differential equations.
     The transducers face each other across the relevant blade passage.
     Maximum mechanical constraint conditions were not attained with the subject specimens.
     The performance of the various candidate heat pipe materials is shown graphically in Fig.
     Because efficiency is very important for the application involved, a design change was considered.
     Mechanical spring arrangements considered lacked sufficient response to track the motion.
     The load requirement for the station concerned is shown in Fig.
     The many rail bridges covered were structurally adequate for the large loads imposed by a 36-axle Schnabel Car.
     The usual method of doing this is to control all other constituents and change only the constituent being considered.
     The quantity Ds is the change in effective stress for the particular element under consideration.
     Appropriate properties for the particular grade of maraging steel under investigation are given in Table.
     The overall efficiency of the process turned out to be even higher than in our paper under discussion.
     The elbow of interest is well below the reactor beltline.
     On the other hand, there is a penalty for providing structural support at a greater radius than that for the conductor in question.
     Although, strictly speaking, these do not apply to the problem at hand, they will nevertheless be helpful in assessing the influence of the shell curvature upon K.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > рассматриваемый

  • 15 before

    1. adverb
    1) (of time) vorher; zuvor

    the day before — am Tag zuvor

    long before — lange vorher od. zuvor

    you should have told me so before — das hättest du mir vorher od. früher od. eher sagen sollen

    I've seen that film before — ich habe den Film schon [einmal] gesehen

    2) (ahead in position) vor[aus]
    3) (in front) voran
    2. preposition
    1) (of time) vor (+ Dat.)

    it was [well] before my time — das war [lange] vor meiner Zeit

    before now — vorher; früher

    before Christ — vor Christus; vor Christi Geburt

    he got there before me — er war vor mir da

    before leaving, he phoned/I will phone — bevor er wegging, rief er an/bevor ich weggehe, rufe ich an

    before tax — brutto; vor [Abzug (Dat.) der] Steuern

    2) (position) vor (+ Dat.); (direction) vor (+ Akk.)

    appear before the judge — vor dem Richter erscheinen; see also academic.ru/11106/carry">carry 1. 1)

    the matter before us — das uns (Dat.) vorliegende Thema

    the task before us — die Aufgabe, die vor uns (Dat.) liegt

    4) (more important than) vor (+ Dat.)
    3. conjunction

    it'll be ages before I finish this — es wird eine Ewigkeit dauern, bis ich damit fertig bin

    * * *
    [bi'fo:] 1. preposition
    1) (earlier than: before the war; He'll come before very long.) (be-)vor
    2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) vor
    3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) vor
    2. adverb
    (earlier: I've seen you before.) vorher
    3. conjunction
    (earlier than the time when: Before I go, I must phone my parents.) bevor
    * * *
    be·fore
    [bɪˈfɔ:ʳ, AM -ˈfɔ:r]
    I. prep
    1. (at previous time to) vor + dat
    I need to go \before 2 pm ich muss vor 2 Uhr gehen
    wash your hands \before the meal wasch dir vor dem Essen die Hände
    \before leaving he said goodbye to each of them vor seiner Abfahrt verabschiedete er sich von jedem Einzelnen
    \before everything else zuallererst
    \before long in Kürze
    \before now schon früher
    \before the time zu früh
    \before one's time vorzeitig
    she has grown old \before her time sie ist vorzeitig gealtert
    to be \before one's time seiner Zeit voraus sein
    the day \before yesterday vorgestern
    the year \before last/this vorletztes/letztes Jahr
    just \before sth kurz vor etw dat
    she always buys her Christmas presents just \before Christmas sie kauft ihre Weihnachtsgeschenke immer erst kurz vor Weihnachten
    2. (in front of) vor + dat; with verbs of motion vor + akk; (encountered first) vor + dat
    the letter K comes \before L der Buchstabe K kommt vor dem L
    the patterns swam \before her eyes die Zeichen verschwammen vor ihren Augen
    there is a large sign \before the house vor dem Haus ist ein großes Schild
    the bus stop is just \before the school die Bushaltestelle befindet sich direkt vor der Schule
    3. (higher ranking) vor + dat
    many mothers put their children's needs \before their own viele Mütter stellen die Bedürfnisse ihrer Kinder über ihre eigenen
    I'd go to prison \before asking her for money ich würde eher ins Gefängnis gehen, als sie um Geld zu bitten
    for me family is \before everything die Familie geht mir über alles
    4. (in presence of) vor + dat
    he stood up \before the audience er stand vor dem Publikum auf
    it happened \before her very eyes es geschah vor ihren Augen
    5. (for examination, consideration) vor + dat
    our case is coming \before the court this week unser Fall kommt diese Woche vor Gericht
    6. (in future) vor + dat
    the task \before us die Aufgabe, vor der wir stehen
    to lie \before one vor jdm liegen
    to have sth \before one etw vor sich dat haben
    you have your whole future \before you du hast noch deine ganze Zukunft vor dir
    II. conj
    1. (at previous time) bevor
    \before you criticize me,... bevor du mich kritisierst,...
    she was waiting long \before it was time sie wartete schon lange, bevor es soweit war
    right [or just] \before... kurz bevor...
    just \before she left the house,... als sie gerade das Haus verlassen wollte,...
    but \before I knew it, she was gone doch ehe ich mich versah, war sie schon verschwunden
    2. (rather than) bevor, ehe
    \before they testified against their friends, they said they'd go to jail sie würden eher ins Gefängnis gehen, als gegen ihre Freunde auszusagen, meinten sie
    they would die \before they would cooperate with each other sie würden lieber sterben als miteinander zusammenzuarbeiten
    3. (until) bis
    it was an hour \before the police arrived es dauerte eine Stunde, bis die Polizei eintraf
    \before we got the test results back, a month had gone by wir warteten einen Monat auf die Testergebnisse
    it will be two weeks \before he arrives er wird erst in zwei Wochen eintreffen
    ▪ not \before erst wenn, nicht eher als bis
    you can't go \before you've finished du kannst erst gehen, wenn du fertig bist
    4. (so that) damit
    you must say the password at the door \before they'll let you in du musst an der Tür das Kennwort sagen, damit sie dich hineinlassen
    III. adv inv
    1. (earlier, previously) zuvor, vorher
    I have never seen that \before das habe ich noch nie gesehen
    have you been to Cologne \before? waren Sie schon einmal in Köln?
    haven't we met \before? haben wir uns nicht schon einmal gesehen?
    that has never happened \before das ist [bisher] noch nie passiert
    she has seen it all \before sie kennt das alles schon
    to be as \before wie früher sein
    life went on as \before das Leben ging wieder seinen gewohnten Gang
    \before and after davor und danach
    2. (in front) vorn
    \before and behind vorn und hinten
    IV. adj after n zuvor
    the day \before, it had rained tags zuvor hatte es geregnet
    the year \before it had been rather quiet das Vorjahr war ganz ruhig verlaufen
    read this line and the one \before lies diese Zeile und die vorhergehende [o davor]
    * * *
    [bɪ'fɔː(r)]
    1. prep
    1) (= earlier than) vor (+dat)

    the year before last/this — vorletztes/letztes Jahr, das vorletzte/letzte Jahr

    the day/time before that — der Tag/die Zeit davor

    I got/was here before you — ich war vor dir da

    to be before sb/sth — vor jdm/etw liegen

    before now — früher, eher, vorher

    2) (in order, rank) vor (+dat)

    to come before sb/sth — vor jdm/etw kommen

    before everything — die Ehre geht mir über alles, für mich ist die Ehre das Wichtigste

    3) (in position) vor (+dat); (with movement) vor (+acc)
    4) (= in the presence of) vor (+dat)

    before God/a lawyer — vor Gott/einem Anwalt

    to appear before a court/judge — vor Gericht/einem Richter erscheinen

    5)

    (= rather than) death before surrender — eher or lieber tot als sich ergeben

    2. adv
    1) (in time = before that) davor; (= at an earlier time, before now) vorher

    I have seen/read etc this before — ich habe das schon einmal gesehen/gelesen etc

    (on) the evening/day before — am Abend/Tag davor or zuvor or vorher

    (in) the month/year before — im Monat/Jahr davor

    to continue as before (person) — (so) wie vorher weitermachen

    2)

    (= ahead) to march on before — vorausmarschieren

    3) (indicating order) davor

    that chapter and the one before — dieses Kapitel und das davor

    3. conj
    1) (in time) bevor

    you can't go before this is done — du kannst erst gehen, wenn das gemacht ist

    it will be a long time before he comes back — es wird lange dauern, bis er zurückkommt

    2)

    (= rather than) he will die before he surrenders — eher will er sterben als sich geschlagen geben

    * * *
    before [bıˈfɔː(r); US auch bıˈfəʊər]
    A adv
    1. (räumlich) vorn, voran…:
    go before vorangehen
    2. (zeitlich) vorher, zuvor, vormals, früher (schon), bereits, schon:
    an hour before eine Stunde vorher oder früher;
    long before lange vorher oder zuvor;
    the year before das vorhergehende oder das vorige Jahr;
    haven’t I seen you before? habe ich Sie nicht schon einmal gesehen?;
    haven’t we met before? kennen wir uns nicht?
    B präp
    1. (räumlich) vor (akk oder dat):
    before my eyes vor meinen Augen;
    he sat before me er saß vor mir;
    the question before us die (uns) vorliegende Frage
    2. vor (dat), in Gegenwart von (oder gen):
    before witnesses vor Zeugen
    3. (zeitlich) vor (dat):
    the week before last vorletzte Woche;
    before long in Kürze, bald;
    three minutes before nine US drei Minuten vor neun; → Christ A
    4. (Reihenfolge, Rang) vor (akk oder dat):
    be before the others den anderen (in der Schule etc) voraus sein
    C konj
    1. bevor, bis, ehe:
    not before nicht früher oder eher als bis, erst als, erst wenn
    2. lieber oder eher …, als dass:
    I would die before I lied ( oder before lying) eher oder lieber will ich sterben als lügen
    bef. abk before
    * * *
    1. adverb
    1) (of time) vorher; zuvor

    long before — lange vorher od. zuvor

    you should have told me so before — das hättest du mir vorher od. früher od. eher sagen sollen

    I've seen that film before — ich habe den Film schon [einmal] gesehen

    3) (in front) voran
    2. preposition
    1) (of time) vor (+ Dat.)

    it was [well] before my time — das war [lange] vor meiner Zeit

    before now — vorher; früher

    before Christ — vor Christus; vor Christi Geburt

    before leaving, he phoned/I will phone — bevor er wegging, rief er an/bevor ich weggehe, rufe ich an

    before tax — brutto; vor [Abzug (Dat.) der] Steuern

    2) (position) vor (+ Dat.); (direction) vor (+ Akk.)

    appear before the judge — vor dem Richter erscheinen; see also carry 1. 1)

    the matter before us — das uns (Dat.) vorliegende Thema

    the task before us — die Aufgabe, die vor uns (Dat.) liegt

    4) (more important than) vor (+ Dat.)
    3. conjunction

    it'll be ages before I finish this — es wird eine Ewigkeit dauern, bis ich damit fertig bin

    * * *
    (after) tax expr.
    vor (nach)
    Abzug der Steuern ausdr. adv.
    bevor adv.
    eh adv.
    voran adv.
    vorher adv.
    vorn adv. prep.
    vor präp.

    English-german dictionary > before

  • 16 कामः _kāmḥ

    कामः [कम्-घञ्]
    1 Wish, desire; संतानकामाय R.2.65, 3.67; oft. used with the inf. form; गन्तुकामः desirous to go; संगात्संजायते कामः Bg.2.62; Ms.2.94.
    -2 Object of desire; सर्वान् कामान् समश्नुते Ms.2.5; Bṛi. Up.1.3.28. Kaṭh. Up.1.25.
    -3 Affection, love.
    -4 Love or desire of sensual enjoyments, considered as one of the ends of life (पुरुषार्थ); cf. अर्थ and अर्थकाम.
    -5 Desire of carnal gratification, lust; Ms.2.214; न मय्यावेशितधियां कामः कामाय कल्पते Bhāg.1.22.26.
    -6 The god of love.
    -7 N. of Pradyumna.
    -8 N. of Balarāma.
    -9 A kind of mango tree.
    -1 The Supreme Being.
    -मा Desire, wish; उवाच च महासर्पं कामया ब्रूहि पन्नग Mb.3.179.2.
    -मम् 1 Object of desire.
    -2 Semen virile. [Kāma is the Cupid of the Hindu mythology- the son of Kṛiṣṇa and Rukmiṇī. His wife is Rati. When the gods wanted a commander for their forces in their war with Tāraka, they sought the aid of Kāma in drawing the mind of Śiva towards Pārvatī, whose issue alone could vanquish the demon. Kāma undertook the mission; but Śiva, being offended at the disturbance of his penance, burnt him down with the fire of his third eye. Subsequently he was allowed by Śiva to be born again in the form of Pradyumna at the request of Rati. His intimate friend is Vasanta or the spring; and his son is Aniruddha. He is armed with a bow and arrows--the bow-string being a line of bees, and arrows of flowers of five different plants].
    -Comp. -अग्निः 1 a fire of love, violent or ardent love.
    -2 violent desire, fire of passion. ˚संदीपनम्
    1 inflaming fire of love.
    -2 an aphrodisiac.
    -अङ्कुशः 1 a finger- nail (which plays an important part in erotic acts).
    -2 the male organ of generation.
    -अङ्गः the mango tree.
    -अधिकारः the influence of love or desire.
    -अधिष्ठित a. overcome by love.
    -अनलः see कामाग्नि.
    -अन्ध a. blinded by love or passion. (
    -न्धः) the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -अन्धा musk.
    -अन्निन् a. getting food at will.
    -अभिकाम a. libidinous, lustful.
    -अरण्यम् a pleasant grove.
    -अरिः 1 an epithet of Śiva; ते समेत्य तु कामारिं त्रिपुरारिं त्रिलोचनम् Rām.7.6.3.
    -2 a mineral subs- tance.
    -अर्थिन् a. amorous, lustful, lascivious.
    -अवतारः N. of Pradyumna.
    -अवशा(सा)यिता f.
    1 Self-control.
    -2 a kind of Yogic power.
    -अवसायः suppression of passion or desire, stoicism.
    -अशनम् 1 eating at will.
    -2 unrestrained enjoyment.
    -आख्या, -अक्षी N. of Durgā.
    -आतुर a. love-sick, affected by love; कामातुराणां न भयं न लज्जा Subhāṣ.
    -आत्मजः an epithet of Aniruddha, son of Pradyumna.
    -आत्मन् a. lustful, libidinous, en- amoured. कामात्मानः स्वर्गफलाः Bg.2.43. Mb.1.119.3-4. Ms.7.27.
    -आयुधम् 1 arrow of the god of love.
    -2 membrum virile. (
    -धः) the mango-tree.
    -आयुस् m.
    1 a vulture.
    -2 Garuḍa.
    -आर्त a. love-stricken, affected by love; कामार्ता हि प्रकृतिकृपणाश्चेतनाचेतनेषु Me.5.
    -आश्रमः the hermitage of the god of love; Rām.1.
    -आसक्त a. overcome with love or desire, impassioned, lustful.
    -इष्टः the mango tree.
    -ईप्सु a. striving to obtain a desired object, यत्तु कामेप्सुना कर्म Bg.18.24.
    -ईशः, -ईश्वरः 1 an epithet of Kubera;
    -2 the Supreme soul.
    -3 a person possessing all wealth. अपास्य कामा- न्कामेशो वसेत्तत्राविचारयन् Mb.12.287.56.
    -उदकम् 1 voluntary libation of water.
    -2 a voluntary libation of water to deceased friends exclusive of those who are entitled to it by law; कामोदकं सखिप्रत्तास्वस्रीयश्वशुर- र्त्विजाम् Y.3.4.
    - उपहत a. affected by or overcome with passion.
    -कला N. of Rati, the wife of Kāma.
    -काम, -कामिन् a. following the dictates of love or passion, गतागतं कामकामा लभन्ते Bg.9.21; स शान्तिमाप्नोति न कामकामी Bg.2.7.
    -कार a. acting at will, indulging one's desires.
    (-रः) 1 voluntary action, spontaneous deed; Rām.2.11.18; Ms.11.41,45.
    -2 desire, influ- ence of desire; अयुक्तः कामकारेण फले सक्तो निबध्यते Bg.5. 12.
    -कूटः 1 the paramour of a harlot.
    -2 harlotry.
    -कृत् a.
    1 acting at will, acting as one likes.
    -2 granting or fulfilling a desire. (-m.) the Supreme soul.
    -केलि a. lustful.
    (-लिः) 1 a paramour.
    -2 amorous sport.
    -3 copulation.
    -क्रीडा 1 dalliance of love, amorous sport.
    -2 copulation.
    -ग a. going of one's own accord, able to act or move as one likes.
    (-गा) 1 an unchaste or libidinous woman; Y.3.6.
    -2 a female Kokila.
    -गति a. able to go to any desired place; अध्यास्त कामगति सावरजो विमानम् R.13.76.
    -गुणः 1 the quality of passion, affection.
    -2 satiety, perfect enjoyment.
    -3 an object of sense.
    -चर, -चार a. moving freely or unrestrained, wandering at will; सर्वेषु लोकेष्वकामचारो भवति Bṛi. Up.7.25.2; नारदः कामचरः Ku.1.5.
    -चार a. unchecked, unrestrained.
    (-रः) 1 unrestrained motion.
    -2 independent or wilful action, wantonness; न कामचारो मयि शङ्कनीयः R.14.62.
    -3 one's will or pleasure, free will; अव्यपवृक्ते कामचारः Mbh. on Śiva Sūtra 3.4. कामचारानुज्ञा Sk.; Ms.2.22.
    -4 sensuality.
    -5 selfishness.
    -चारिन् a.
    1 moving unrestrained; Me.65.
    -2 libidinous, lustful.
    -3 self-willed. (-m.)
    1 Garuḍa.
    -2 a sparrow.
    -ज a. produced by passion or desire; Ms.7.46,47,5.
    -जः anger; रथो वेदी कामजो युद्धमग्निः Mb.12.24.27.
    -जननी betel-pepper (नागवेली).
    -जानः, -निः See कामतालः.
    -जित् a. conquering love or passion; R.9.33. (-m.)
    1 an epithet of Skanda.
    -2 of Śiva.
    -तन्त्रम् N. of a work.
    -तालः the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -द a. fulfilling a desire, granting a request or desire. (
    -दः) an epithet of Skanda and of Śiva.
    -दहनम् a particular festival on the day of full moon in the month फाल्गुन (Mar. होलिकोत्सव).
    -दा = कामधेनु q. v.
    -दर्शन a. looking lovely.
    -दानम् 1 a gift to one's satisfaction.
    -2 a kind of ceremony among prosti- tutes; B. P.
    -दुघ a. 'milking one's desires', granting every desired object; प्रीता कामदुघा हि सा R.1.81,2.63; Māl.3.11.
    -दुघा, -दुह् f. a fabulous cow yielding all desires; आयुधानामहं वज्रं धेनूनामस्मि कामधुक् Bg.1.28. स्वर्गे लोके कामधुग्भवति Mbh. on P.VI.1.84.
    -दूती the female cuckoo.
    -दृश् f. a woman; विमोचितुं कामदृशां विहारक्रीडामृगो यन्निगडो विसर्गः Bhāg.7.6.17.
    -देव 1 the god of love.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -दोहिन् a. granting desires.
    -धर्मः amorous behaviour.
    -धेनुः f. the cow of plenty, a heavenly cow yielding all desires; कलतिवलती कामधेनू; or कलिवली कामधेनू Vyāka- raṇa Subhāṣita.
    -ध्वंसिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -पति, -पत्नी f. Rati, wife of Cupid.
    -पालः N. of Balarāma; also of Śiva.
    -प्रद a. granting desires.
    (-दः) 1 a kind of coitus.
    -2 the Supreme Being.
    -प्रवेदनम् expressing one's desire, wish or hope; कच्चित् कामप्रवेदने Ak.
    -प्रश्नः an unrestrained or free question; स ह कामप्रश्नमेव वव्रे Bṛi. Up.4.3.1.
    -फलः a species of the mango tree.
    -ला the plantain tree.
    -भाज् a. partaking of sensual enjoyment; कामानां त्वा कामभाजं करोमि Kaṭh.1.24.
    -भोगाः (pl.) sensual grati- fications; प्रसक्ताः कामभोगेषु Bg.16.16.
    -महः a festival of the god of love celebrated on the full-moon day in the month of Chaitra.
    -मालिन् m. N. of Gaṇeśa.
    -मूढ, -मोहित a. influenced or infatuated by love; यत्क्रौञ्च- मिथुनादेकमवधीः काममोहितम् U.2.5.
    -रसः 1 seminal dis- charge.
    -2 the spling
    -रसिक a. lustful, libidinous; क्षणमपि युवा कामरसिकः Bh.3.112.
    -रूप a.
    1 taking any form at will; जानामि त्वां प्रकृतिपुरुषं कामरूपं मघोनः Me.6.
    -2 beautiful, pleasing. (
    -पाः) (pl.) a district lying in the east of Bengal (the west- ern portion of Assam); तमीशः कामरूपाणाम् R.4.83,84.
    -रूपिन् a.
    1 taking any form at will; कामान्नी कामरूपी Tait. Up.3.1.5.
    -2 beautiful. -m.
    1 a pole-cat.
    -2 a boar.
    -3 a Vidyādhara.
    -रेखा, -लेखा a harlot, courtezan.
    -लता membrum virile.
    -लोल a. overcome with passion, love-stricken.
    -वरः a gift chosen at will.
    -वल्लभः 1 the spring.
    -2 the moon.
    -3 the mango tree. (
    -भा) moonlight.
    -वश a. influenced by love. (
    -शः) subjection to love.
    -वश्य n. subject to love.
    -वाद a. saying anything at will.
    -विहन्तृ a. disappointing desires.
    -वीर्य a. 'showing heroism at will,' an epithet of Garuḍa.
    -वृक्षम् a. paracitical plant.
    -वृत्त a. addicted to sensual gratification, licentious, dissipated; विशीलः कामवृत्तो वा गुणैर्वा परिवर्जितः । उपचर्यः स्त्रिया साध्व्या सततं देववत्पतिः ॥ Ms. 5.154.
    -वृत्ति a. acting according to will, self-willed, independent; न कामवृत्तिर्वचनीयमीक्षते Ku.5.82. (
    -त्तिः) f.
    1 free and unrestrained action.
    -2 freedom of will.
    -वृद्धिः f. increase of passion.
    -वृन्तम् the trumpet flower.
    - शर 1 a love shaft.
    -2 the mango tree.
    -शास्त्रम् the science of love, erotic science.
    -संयोगः attainment of desired objects.
    -सखः 1 the spring.
    -2 the month of Chaitra.
    -3 the mango tree.
    -सू a. fulfilling any desire. किमत्र चित्रं यदि कामसूर्भूः R.5.33. -m. N. of Vāsudeva. -f. N. of Rukmiṇi;
    -सूत्रम् 1 N. of an erotic work by Vātsyāyana.
    -2 'thread of love', love-incident' औद्धत्यमायोजितकामसूत्रम् Māl.1.4.
    -हैतुक a. produced by mere desire without any real cause; Bg.16.8.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > कामः _kāmḥ

  • 17 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

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